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Reflexology Application in Pain Management in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 378 - 393, 25.08.2025

Servet Kalyoncuo

Öz

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition known for causing various acute and chronic neuropathies that impact nerves, plexus, and/or roots. Diabetic neuropathies are prevalent complications of DM, affecting about half of diabetic patients and significantly diminishing their quality of life. Pain is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy, accompanied by sensations like paresthesia, dysesthesia, hyperalgesia, allodynia, and hyperpathy. These symptoms not only detrimentally affect patients' quality of life but also pose a threat to their psychological well-being. In addition to pharmacological interventions targeting pain in diabetic neuropathy patients, non-pharmacological approaches are employed. Foot reflexology, a prominent non-pharmacological method, involves stimulating organs and systems in the body by pressing reflex points on the sole of the foot. According to the endorphin theory of reflexology, this pressure stimulates the release of endorphins, which inhibit neural transmission of pain signals, reducing anxiety and pain levels and facilitating the body's self-healing. Despite its potential benefits, the number of studies investigating the effects of reflexology in treating pain in diabetic neuropathy patients is limited. Consequently, more research is needed to comprehensively understand the impact of reflexology on pain in this population. Reflexology, as an independent function of nurses and part of nursing care, will be explored in this review, delving into its advantages in pain management for patients with diabetic neuropathy and its applications within nursing practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diabetes Neuropathy Nursing Pain Reflexology.

Kaynakça

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Diyabetik Nöropatili Hastalarda Ağrı Yönetiminde Refleksoloji Uygulaması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 378 - 393, 25.08.2025

Servet Kalyoncuo

Öz

Diabetes mellitus; sinirleri, pleksusu ve/veya kökleri etkileyen çeşitli akut ve kronik nöropatilere neden olabilen kronik bir hastalıktır. Diyabetik nöropatiler yaşam kalitesinde önemli bir azalmaya yol açan DM’nin en yaygın komplikasyonudur ve diyabet hastalarının yaklaşık yarısını etkilemektedir. Diyabetik nöropatide en sık görülen semptomlardan biri ağrıdır. Nöropatik ağrıda parestezi, disestezi, hiperaljezi, allodini ve hiperpati gibi semptomlar görülür. Bu semptomlar, hastaların yaşam kalitelerini de önemli ölçüde etkilemekte, psikolojik durumlarını tehlikeye atmaktadır. Bu nedenle diyabetik nöropatili hastalarda ağrı semptomunu azaltmaya yönelik farmakolojik girişimlerin yanı sıra nonfarmakalojik girişimlerden yararlanılmaktadır. Non-farmakolojik yöntemlerden biri olan refleksolojinin en yaygın ve etkin uygulama yöntemlerden biri olan ayak refleksolojisi, ayak tabanındaki refleks noktalarına bası yapılması sonucunda vücuttaki organ ve sistemlerin uyarılmasına dayanan yöntemlerinden biri olarak bilinmektedir. Refleksolojinin endorfin teorisine göre ayakta bulunan refleks noktalarına yapılan baskı vücuttaki endorfin salınımını uyarır. Salınan endorfin beyne giden ağrı sinyallerinin sinirsel iletimini engellemekte, kaygı ve ağrı düzeylerini azaltmakta ve bu sayede vücudun kendi kendini iyileştirmesini sağlamaktadır. Diyabetik nöropatili hastalarda ağrı tedavisinde refleksolojinin etkileri ile ilgili çalışma sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu açıdan, refleksolojinin diyabetik nöropatili hastalarda gelişen ağrıya etkisini tespit etmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Refleksoloji hemşirelerin bağımsız fonksiyonlarından biri ve hemşirelik bakımının bir parçasıdır. Bu derlemede diyabetik nörpatili hastalarda ağrı yönetimnde refleksoloji kullanımının yararları ve hemşirelikte kullanım alanlarından bahsedilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diyabet Nöropati Hemşire Ağrı Refleksoloji.

Kaynakça

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  • Rooney, A. (2019). Foot reflexology: Principles and practice. İçinde S.G. Salvo (Ed.), Massage Therapy E-Book: Principles and practice. Elsevier Health Sciences, 241-249.
  • Satman, I., Ömer, B., Tutuncu, Y., Kalaca, S., Gedik, S., & Dinccag, N. (2013). Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol, 28(2), 169-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5
  • Satman, I., Yılmaz T, Şengül, A., Salman, S., Salman, F., & Uygur, S. (2002). Population-based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: Results of the Turkish Diabetes Epidemiology Study (TURDEP). Diabetes Care, 25(9),1551-6. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.9.1551
  • Sayari, S., Nobahar, M., & Ghorbani, R. (2021). Effect of foot reflexology on chest pain and anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A double blind randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 42,101296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101296
  • Scholz, J., Finnerup, N.B., Attal, N., Aziz, Q., Baron, R., Bennett, M.I., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Cruccu, G., Davis, K.D., Evers, S., First, M., Giamberardino, M.A., Hansson, P., Kaasa, S., Korwisi, B., Kosek, E., Lavand'homme, P., Nicholas, M., Nurmikko, T., Perrot, S., Raja, S.N., Rice, A.S.C., Rowbotham, M.C., Schug, S., Simpson, D.M., Smith, B.H., Svensson, P., Vlaeyen, J.W.S., Wang, S.J., Barke, A., Rief, W., Treede, R.D., & Group, CCotNPSI. (2019). The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic neuropathic pain. Pain, 160(1), 53-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001365
  • Silva, N.C., Chaves, É.C., Carvalho, E.C., Carvalho, L.C., & Iunes, D.H. (2018). Effect of foot reflexology on capillary blood glucose, tissue temperature, and plantar pressure of individuals with diabetes mellitus (type 2): A pilot study. J Chiropr Med, 17(3), 182-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2018.03.003
  • Śliwińska-Mossoń, M. & Milnerowicz, H. (2017). The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications. Diab Vasc Dis Res, 14(4), 265-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164117701876
  • Solomon, S.D., Chew, E., Duh, E.J., Sobrin, L., Sun, J.K., & VanderBeek, B.L. (2017). Diabetic retinopathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 40(3), 412-8. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-2641
  • Standl, E., Khunti, K., Hansen, T.B. & Schnell, O. (2019). The global epidemics of diabetes in the 21st century: Current situation and perspectives. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 26(2), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319881021
  • Stephenson, N.L., & Dalton, J.A. (2003). Using reflexology for pain management. A review. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 21(2), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010103021002007
  • Tarrasch, R., Carmel-Neiderman, N.N., Ben-Ami, S., Kaufman, B., Pfeffer, R., Ben-David, M., & Gamus, D. (2018). The effect of reflexology on the pain-insomnia-fatigue disturbance cluster of breast cancer patients during adjuvant radiation therapy. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 24(1), 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2017.0023.
  • TEMD-Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (2019). Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem Kılavuzu-2019, 13.Baskı, 15-125.
  • Uysal, N., & Kutlutürkani, S. (2016). Kanserli bireylerde semptom kontrolünde refleksoloji uygulaması. Medical Journal of Bakırköy, 12(3), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.5350/BTDMJB201612301
  • Ünlü, A., Kırca, Ö., & Özdoğan, M. (2018). Reflexology and cancer. Journal of Oncological Sciences, 4(2), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jons.2018.01.001.
  • Vural Doğru, B., Yıldırım, Y., & Şenuzun Aykar, F. (2017). Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve refleksoloji. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 8, 77-85. https://doi.org/10.5543/khd.2017.04127
  • World Health Organization [WHO], 2006. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241563214.
  • Yaban, Z.S. (2019). Usage of non-pharmacologic methods on postoperative pain management by nurses: Sample of turkey. Int J Caring Sci, 12(1), 529-41. https://www.internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/docs/59_simsekyaban_12_1.pdf.
  • Yıldırım, A., Hacıhasanoğlu, A.B., Bozdemir, N., & Hacıhasanoğlu Aşılar, R. (2020). Diyabet öz yönetiminde çok disiplinli ekip yaklaşımı. TJFMPC, 14(3), 479-491. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.698927.
  • Yıldız, S. (2014). Refleksoloji: Temel ve klinik bilgiler. İntegratif Tıp Dergisi, 2(1), 26-42. https://l24.im/MgpUKbF Yu, W., Hu, Ci., & Jia, W. (2012). Genetic advances of Type 2 diabetes in Chinese populations. Journal of Diabetes, 4(3), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00225.x.
  • Yücel, A., Senocak, M., Kocasoy Orhan, E., Çimen, A., & Ertaş, M. (2004). Results of the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs pain scale in Turkey: a validation study. Pain, 5(8), 427-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2004.07.001
Toplam 94 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi, Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Servet Kalyoncuo 0000-0001-8687-2229

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 26 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kalyoncuo, S. (2025). Diyabetik Nöropatili Hastalarda Ağrı Yönetiminde Refleksoloji Uygulaması. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 378-393.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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