Araştırma Makalesi
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Knowledge and Attitudes of Healthcare Providers’ Towards Individuals Living with HIV

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 313 - 321, 25.08.2025

Öz

This study aims to measure the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers such as nurses, midwives, paramedics, and health technicians (n:122) towards individuals living with HIV. This descriptive, quantitative study targeted allied healthcare providers in Istanbul, such as nurses, midwives, technicians, and paramedics, using the snowball sampling method. Based on the AIDS Knowledge Scale, participants scored between 9 and 21 points, with an average score of 17, indicating a high level of knowledge. A total of 76.2% of healthcare providers reported having received prior information about HIV/AIDS, with 50% (n=61) receiving this training at school. Despite the participants' good knowledge of HIV, it was observed that a small group (average 5.7%) expressed reluctance to provide care to patients with HIV. Furthermore, healthcare providers displayed avoidant attitudes in social interactions with individuals living with HIV, with an average of 44.8% showing hesitancy in their social relationships. These findings indicate that a high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS is insufficient to overcome prejudices and societal norms. Comprehensive training programs are needed to address attitudes and behaviors in addition to knowledge. Moreover, healthcare providers should be encouraged to adopt more inclusive and supportive practices in both their professional and social interactions.

Kaynakça

  • 2025 AIDS Targets: 2025 Target setting and 2020-2030 resource needs and impact estimation | UNAIDS. (n.d.). Retrieved August 13, 2024, from https://www.unaids.org/en/topics/2025_target_setting
  • Akin, S., Mendi, B., Mendi, O., & Durna, Z. (2013). Turkish nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22 (23–24), 3361–3371. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12378
  • Aydemir, N., Yakın, İ., & Arslan, H. S. (2018). AIDS bilgi ve tutum ölçeklerinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin sınanması. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 38(1), 73-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12378
  • Aziz, M. M., Abdelrheem, S. S., & Mohammed, H. M. (2023). Stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV by health care providers in Egypt. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 663. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09676-1
  • Bayrak, B., Keten, S., & Fincancı, M. (2014). Sağlık çalışanlarının HIV/AIDS olgularına yaklaşımları. Klimik Journal / Klimik Dergisi, 27(3), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2014.30
  • Bouza, E., Arribas, J. R., Alejos, B., Bernardino, J. I., Coiras, M., Coll, P., Romero, J. D., Fuster, M. J., Górgolas, M., Gutiérrez, A., Gracia, D., Hernando, V., Martínez-Picado, J., Sesmero, J. M. M., Martínez, E., Moreno, S., Mothe, B., Navarro, M. L., Podzamczer, D., … Palomo, E. (2022). Past and future of HIV infection. A document based on expert opinion. Revista Española de Quimioterapia, 35(2), 131–156. https://doi.org/10.37201/req/083.2021
  • Durning, P. E., & Williams, R. S. (2004). Factors influencing expectations and fertility-related adjustment among women receiving infertility treatment. Fertility and Sterility, 82, S101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.256
  • Ekstrand, M. L., Raj, T., Heylen, E., Nyblade, L., Devdass, D., Pereira, M., Mazur, A., & Srinivasan, K. (2020). Reducing HIV stigma among healthcare providers in India using a partly tablet-administered intervention: The DriSti trial. AIDS Care, 32(sup2), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1739221
  • Foster, C., Ayers, S., & Fidler, S. (2020). Antiretroviral adherence for adolescents growing up with HIV: Understanding real life, drug delivery and forgiveness. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 7, 2049936120920177. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936120920177
  • Inci, A., Altan, Y., Bicer, I. G., Derbent, A., & Salihoglu, Z. (2018). Knowledge level about HIV/AIDS among health care workers at Intensive care unit/yogun bakim unitesinde calisan saglik personelinin hıv/aıds konusundaki bilgi düzeyi. KLIMIK Journal, 31(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2018.27
  • Jacobi, C. A., Atanga, P. N. J. I., Bin, L. K., Mbome, V. N., Akam, W., Bogner, J. R., Kropf, S., & Malfertheiner, P. (2013). HIV/AIDS-related stigma felt by people living with HIV from Buea, Cameroon. AIDS Care, 25(2), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.701715
  • Jaimes, Y. A. P., Lozada-Martínez, I. D., Tosàs, M. R., & Tiraboschi, J. (2024). Stigma and fear of getting sick in the care of people living with HIV: an exploratory systematic review. Le Infezioni in Medicina, 32(2), 168–182. https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3202-6
  • Kaladharan, S., Daken, K., Mullens, A. B., & Durham, J. (2021). Tools to measure HIV knowledge, attitudes & practices (KAPs) in healthcare providers: a systematic review. AIDS Care, 33(11), 1500–1506. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1822502
  • Kaya, S., Arac, E., Akgul, F., Comoglu, S., Kaya, S., Araç, S., Yildiz, Y., Buyuktuna, S. A., Kayaaslan, B., Parlak, E., Baysal, B., Karakecili, F., Balik, E. Z., Akkoç, A., Ozdemir, K., Kavak, S., Dogan, S. A., Günay, E., Karabela, S. N., … Aksoz, S. (2021). Retracted: Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian group. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2020-0093
  • Mundt, S., Briggs, S., Mundt, S., & Briggs, S. (2016). HIV-related stigma and discrimination in the New Zealand healthcare setting: a mixed-methods study. Sexual Health, 13(6), 582–588. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH16063
  • Pecoraro, A., Mimiaga, M. J., O’Cleirigh, C., Safren, S. A., Blokhina, E., Verbitskaya, E., Krupitsky, E., Dvoriak, S., & Woody, G. (2014). Lost-to-care and engaged-in-care HIV patients in Leningrad Oblast, Russian Federation: barriers and facilitators to medical visit retention. AIDS Care, 26(10), 1249–1257. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2014.897910
  • Rahangdale, L., Banandur, P., Sreenivas, A., Turan, J. M., Washington, R., & Cohen, C. R. (2010). Stigma as experienced by women accessing prevention of parent-to-child transmission of HIV services in Karnataka, India. AIDS Care, 22(7), 836–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120903499212
  • Rajaraman, D., & Palmer, N. (2008). Changing roles and responses of health care workers in HIV treatment and care. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 13(11), 1357–1363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02176.x
  • Sabranski, M., Erdbeer, G., Sonntag, I., Stoehr, A., Horst, H.-A., Plettenberg, A., Lebherz, L., Stellbrink, H.-J., & Hoffmann, C. (2021). Physical and mental health in HIV-infected patients with virological success and long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Care, 33(4), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1733466
  • Safran, M. A., & Wilson, R. W. (1996). Surveillance of HIV knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in the general population. Public Health Reports (1974-), 111, 123–128. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1382053/
  • Sringernyuang, L., Thaweesit, S., & Nakapiew, S. (2005). A situational analysis of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS Care, 17(sup2), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120500120161
  • Tung, W.-C., Hu, J., Davis, C., Tung, W.-K., & Lin, Y.-M. (2008). Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to HIV and AIDS among female college students in Taiwan. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 17(3–4), 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911350802068102
  • Vaughan, D., Shah, J., Penzias, A., Domar, A., & Toth, T. (2020). Infertility remains a top stressor despite the COVID 19 pandemic. Reprod Biomed Online, 41, 425–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.05.015
  • Waluyo, A., Mansyur, M., Earnshaw, V. A., Steffen, A., Herawati, T., Maria, R., & Culbert, G. J. (2022). Exploring HIV stigma among future healthcare providers in Indonesia. AIDS Care, 34(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.1897777
  • Webber, G. C. (2007). Chinese health care providers’ attitudes about HIV: a review. AIDS Care, 19(5), 685–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120601084340
  • Zhang, C., Li, X., Liu, Y., Qiao, S., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., Shen, Z., & Tang, Z. (2016). Emotional, physical and financial burdens of stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS in China. AIDS Care, 28(sup1), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1146206

Sağlık Çalışanlarının HIV ile Yaşayan Bireylere Yönelik Bilgi ve Tutumları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 313 - 321, 25.08.2025

Öz

HIV ile yaşayan bireylere yönelik bilgi ve tutumlarını ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu tanımlayıcı nicel çalışma, İstanbul'daki hemşireler, ebeler, teknisyenler ve sağlık görevlileri de dahil olmak üzere sağlık hizmeti sunucularını (n:122) hedef almış ve kartopu yöntemiyle ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları arasında tanıtıcı bilgi formu, AIDS/HIV Bilgi Ölçeği ve HIV/AIDS Tutum ve Davranış Ölçüm Formu yer almaktadır. AIDS Bilgi ölçeğine göre katılımcıların 9-21 arasında puan aldıkları ve ortalama 17 puan aldıkları görülmüştür. Sağlık çalışanlarının bilgi düzeyi puanları yüksek düzeydedir. Sağlık çalışanlarının %76,2'sinin daha önce HIV/AIDS hakkında bilgi aldığı ve katılımcıların %50'sinin (n:61) bu eğitimi okulda aldığı belirtilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan sağlık hizmeti sunucularının HIV bilgi durumu iyi olmakla birlikte, ortalaması düşük bir grubun (ortalama %5.7) HIV'li hastalara bakım verme konusunda isteksiz olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca sağlık hizmeti sunucularının sosyal ilişkilerinde HIV ile yaşayan bireylere yönelik tutumlarında büyük oranda (ortalama %44.8) kaçınmacı oldukları görülmüştür. Bu bulgular, HIV/AIDS hakkında yüksek bilgi düzeyine sahip olmanın, ön yargı ve toplumsal normlar karşısında yeterli olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, sadece bilgi vermekle kalmayıp, tutumları ve davranışları değiştirmeyi hedefleyen kapsamlı eğitim programlarının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, sağlık hizmetleri sunan kişilerin hem mesleki hem de sosyal yaşamlarında daha kapsayıcı ve destekleyici bir yaklaşım benimsemeleri teşvik edilmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • 2025 AIDS Targets: 2025 Target setting and 2020-2030 resource needs and impact estimation | UNAIDS. (n.d.). Retrieved August 13, 2024, from https://www.unaids.org/en/topics/2025_target_setting
  • Akin, S., Mendi, B., Mendi, O., & Durna, Z. (2013). Turkish nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22 (23–24), 3361–3371. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12378
  • Aydemir, N., Yakın, İ., & Arslan, H. S. (2018). AIDS bilgi ve tutum ölçeklerinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin sınanması. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 38(1), 73-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12378
  • Aziz, M. M., Abdelrheem, S. S., & Mohammed, H. M. (2023). Stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV by health care providers in Egypt. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 663. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09676-1
  • Bayrak, B., Keten, S., & Fincancı, M. (2014). Sağlık çalışanlarının HIV/AIDS olgularına yaklaşımları. Klimik Journal / Klimik Dergisi, 27(3), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2014.30
  • Bouza, E., Arribas, J. R., Alejos, B., Bernardino, J. I., Coiras, M., Coll, P., Romero, J. D., Fuster, M. J., Górgolas, M., Gutiérrez, A., Gracia, D., Hernando, V., Martínez-Picado, J., Sesmero, J. M. M., Martínez, E., Moreno, S., Mothe, B., Navarro, M. L., Podzamczer, D., … Palomo, E. (2022). Past and future of HIV infection. A document based on expert opinion. Revista Española de Quimioterapia, 35(2), 131–156. https://doi.org/10.37201/req/083.2021
  • Durning, P. E., & Williams, R. S. (2004). Factors influencing expectations and fertility-related adjustment among women receiving infertility treatment. Fertility and Sterility, 82, S101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.256
  • Ekstrand, M. L., Raj, T., Heylen, E., Nyblade, L., Devdass, D., Pereira, M., Mazur, A., & Srinivasan, K. (2020). Reducing HIV stigma among healthcare providers in India using a partly tablet-administered intervention: The DriSti trial. AIDS Care, 32(sup2), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1739221
  • Foster, C., Ayers, S., & Fidler, S. (2020). Antiretroviral adherence for adolescents growing up with HIV: Understanding real life, drug delivery and forgiveness. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 7, 2049936120920177. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936120920177
  • Inci, A., Altan, Y., Bicer, I. G., Derbent, A., & Salihoglu, Z. (2018). Knowledge level about HIV/AIDS among health care workers at Intensive care unit/yogun bakim unitesinde calisan saglik personelinin hıv/aıds konusundaki bilgi düzeyi. KLIMIK Journal, 31(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2018.27
  • Jacobi, C. A., Atanga, P. N. J. I., Bin, L. K., Mbome, V. N., Akam, W., Bogner, J. R., Kropf, S., & Malfertheiner, P. (2013). HIV/AIDS-related stigma felt by people living with HIV from Buea, Cameroon. AIDS Care, 25(2), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.701715
  • Jaimes, Y. A. P., Lozada-Martínez, I. D., Tosàs, M. R., & Tiraboschi, J. (2024). Stigma and fear of getting sick in the care of people living with HIV: an exploratory systematic review. Le Infezioni in Medicina, 32(2), 168–182. https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3202-6
  • Kaladharan, S., Daken, K., Mullens, A. B., & Durham, J. (2021). Tools to measure HIV knowledge, attitudes & practices (KAPs) in healthcare providers: a systematic review. AIDS Care, 33(11), 1500–1506. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1822502
  • Kaya, S., Arac, E., Akgul, F., Comoglu, S., Kaya, S., Araç, S., Yildiz, Y., Buyuktuna, S. A., Kayaaslan, B., Parlak, E., Baysal, B., Karakecili, F., Balik, E. Z., Akkoç, A., Ozdemir, K., Kavak, S., Dogan, S. A., Günay, E., Karabela, S. N., … Aksoz, S. (2021). Retracted: Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian group. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2020-0093
  • Mundt, S., Briggs, S., Mundt, S., & Briggs, S. (2016). HIV-related stigma and discrimination in the New Zealand healthcare setting: a mixed-methods study. Sexual Health, 13(6), 582–588. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH16063
  • Pecoraro, A., Mimiaga, M. J., O’Cleirigh, C., Safren, S. A., Blokhina, E., Verbitskaya, E., Krupitsky, E., Dvoriak, S., & Woody, G. (2014). Lost-to-care and engaged-in-care HIV patients in Leningrad Oblast, Russian Federation: barriers and facilitators to medical visit retention. AIDS Care, 26(10), 1249–1257. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2014.897910
  • Rahangdale, L., Banandur, P., Sreenivas, A., Turan, J. M., Washington, R., & Cohen, C. R. (2010). Stigma as experienced by women accessing prevention of parent-to-child transmission of HIV services in Karnataka, India. AIDS Care, 22(7), 836–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120903499212
  • Rajaraman, D., & Palmer, N. (2008). Changing roles and responses of health care workers in HIV treatment and care. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 13(11), 1357–1363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02176.x
  • Sabranski, M., Erdbeer, G., Sonntag, I., Stoehr, A., Horst, H.-A., Plettenberg, A., Lebherz, L., Stellbrink, H.-J., & Hoffmann, C. (2021). Physical and mental health in HIV-infected patients with virological success and long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Care, 33(4), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1733466
  • Safran, M. A., & Wilson, R. W. (1996). Surveillance of HIV knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in the general population. Public Health Reports (1974-), 111, 123–128. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1382053/
  • Sringernyuang, L., Thaweesit, S., & Nakapiew, S. (2005). A situational analysis of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS Care, 17(sup2), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120500120161
  • Tung, W.-C., Hu, J., Davis, C., Tung, W.-K., & Lin, Y.-M. (2008). Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to HIV and AIDS among female college students in Taiwan. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 17(3–4), 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911350802068102
  • Vaughan, D., Shah, J., Penzias, A., Domar, A., & Toth, T. (2020). Infertility remains a top stressor despite the COVID 19 pandemic. Reprod Biomed Online, 41, 425–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.05.015
  • Waluyo, A., Mansyur, M., Earnshaw, V. A., Steffen, A., Herawati, T., Maria, R., & Culbert, G. J. (2022). Exploring HIV stigma among future healthcare providers in Indonesia. AIDS Care, 34(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.1897777
  • Webber, G. C. (2007). Chinese health care providers’ attitudes about HIV: a review. AIDS Care, 19(5), 685–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120601084340
  • Zhang, C., Li, X., Liu, Y., Qiao, S., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., Shen, Z., & Tang, Z. (2016). Emotional, physical and financial burdens of stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS in China. AIDS Care, 28(sup1), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1146206
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Özen İnam 0000-0002-6463-2432

Özlem Çiftçi 0000-0002-2378-3461

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 16 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA İnam, Ö., & Çiftçi, Ö. (2025). Knowledge and Attitudes of Healthcare Providers’ Towards Individuals Living with HIV. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 313-321.

                                                                  Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.