Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding in Childhood and Adolescent Period

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 157 - 161, 01.07.2015

Mahmut Kuntay Kokanalı Salim Erkaya

Öz

Abnormal vaginal bleeding can be seen throughout the whole life of a girl, although it is not a common complaint during childhood period. Also it has clinical importance in childhood and adolescent period. Serious medical or sociological problems can cause this irregular symptom in young girls. Therefore it requires careful medical investigation followed by appropriate medical and psychological solutions. In this article, our aim is to define causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding in the childhood and adolescent period and describe the appropriate treatment options.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Childhood, adolescent, vaginal bleeding

Çocukluk ve Adolesan Döneminde Anormal Vajinal Kanamalar

Öz

Çocukluk döneminde sık bir şikayet olmamasına rağmen, anormal vajinal kanama bir genç kızın tüm hayatı boyunca görülebilir. Bu durum çocukluk ve adolesan döneminde klinik öneme sahiptir. Ciddi medikal ve sosyolojik problemler bu irregüler semptoma sebep olabilir. Bu yüzden dikkatli şekilde incelenmeli ve sonrasında uygun medikal ve psikolojik çözümler uygulanmalıdır. Bu yazıda amacımız çocukluk ve adolesan döneminde görülecek anormal kanama nedenlerini tanımlayıp bu nedenlere yönelik uygun tedavi seçeneklerini belirtmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocukluk, adolesan, vaginal kanama

Kaynakça

• Carel JC, Leger J. Clinical practice: precocious puberty. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2366–77.
• Neely EK, Crossen SS. Precocious puberty. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2014;26:332-8.
• Dowd MD, Fitzmaurice L, Knapp JF, Mooney D. The interpretation of urogenital findings in children with straddle injuries. J Pediatr Surg. 1994 ;29:7-10.
• Merritt DF. Evaluation of vaginal bleeding in the preadolescent child. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1998;7:35-42.
• Imai A, Horibe S, Tamaya T. Genital bleeding in premenarchal children. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1995;49:41–5.
• Stricker T, Navratil F, Sennhauser FH. Vaginal foreign bodies. J Paediatr Child Health. 2004;40:205-7.
• Powell J, Wojnarowska F. Childhood vulvar lichen sclerosus. The course after puberty. J Reprod Med. 2002;47:706-9.
• Vunda A, Vandertuin L, Gervaix A. Urethral prolapse: an overlooked diagnosis of urogenital bleeding in pre-menarcheal girls. J Pediatr. 2011;158:682-3.
• Zhang M, Jiang W, Li G, Xu C. Ovarian masses in children and adolescents - an analysis of 521 clinical cases. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2014; 27:73-7.
• Dasgupta R, Rodeberg DA. Update on rhabdomyosarcoma. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2012; 21:68-78.
• Muram D. Pediatric and adolescent gynecology. In: De Cherney AH, Goodwin TM, Nathan L, Laufer N (eds). Current Diagnosis and Treatment Obstetrics and Gynecology. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007: 540.
• James AH. Bleeding disorders in adolescents. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2009; 36:153-62.
• Lobo R: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Comprehensive Gynecology, 5th ed.. Philadelphia, Mosby, 2007. Chapter 3.
• ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.. ACOG practice bulletin: Management of Anovulatory Bleeding. Int j Gynaecol Obstet 2001; 72:263-71.
• Gray SH, Emans SJ. Abnormal vaginal bleeding in the adolescent. In: Emans, Laufer, Goldstein’s Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, 6th, Emans SJ, Laufer MR. (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2012:159.
• Bravender T, Emans SJ. Menstrual disorders. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999 ;46:545-53.
• Mitan LA, Slap GB. Adolescent menstrual disorders. Update Med Clin North Am. 2000; 84:851-68.
• Rimsza ME. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Pediatr Rev. 2002;23:227- 33.
• Strickland J, Gibson EJ, Levine SB. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2006;19:49-51.
• Fleming N, Francoeur D, Gascon S, et al: Management of acute adolescent menorrhagia. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2001; 14:141
• Mannucci PM. Hemostatic drugs. N Engl J Med 1998;339:245-253.
• Edlund M, Blomback M, Fried G: Desmopressin in the treatment of menorrhagia and no common coagulation factor deficiency but with prolonged bleeding time. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2002; 13:225-31.
• Wilkinson JP, Kadir RA. Management of abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2010; 23:22-30.
• Apter D, Vihko R. Early menarche, a risk factor for breast cancer, indicates early onset of ovulatory cycles. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983; 57:82-6.
• Seravalli V, Linari S, Peruzzi E, Dei M, Paladino E, Bruni V. Prevalence of hemostatic disorders in adolescents with abnormal uterine bleeding. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2013; 26:285-9.
• Ott MA, Sucato GS; Commıttee On Adolescence; Commıttee On Adolescence. Contraception for adolescents. Pediatrics. 2014;134:e1257-81.
• Centers for disease control and prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002. MMWR Recomm. Rep 2002;51:1-78
• Brenner PF. Differential diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:766-9.