OVULATION INDUCTION AND CONTROLLED OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 36, 1509 - 1517, 01.10.2012

Nafiye Yılmaz İnci Kahyaoğlu

Öz

Infertility which is defined as inability to conceive in one year after unprotected regular intercourse, is a common medical but also a serious economic and social problem affecting almost 15% of the couples. The tremendous growth in medical industry in the last 20 years led to the development of new agents to join in ovulation induction and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols and enables the clinician to develop new protocols which are more cost effective and patient fri- endly. In this review, we will summarize the ovulation induction and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols and present the new literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Infertility, ovulation induction, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

OVULASYON iNDUKSiYONU ve KONTROLL-0 OVARYAN HiPERSTiMULASYONA GENEL BAKIS

Öz

Bir yıllık korunmasız ilişkiye ragmen gebeligin oluşmaması olarak tanımlanan ve çiftlerin yaklaş1k %15'ini etkileyen infertilite, medikal bir problem oldugu kadar sosyal ve ekonomik yonden de onemli bir yiik olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadir. infertilite tedavisinde kullamlan ilaçlarda özellikle son 20 yilda gozlenen hızlı gelişim ovulasyon indliksiyonu ve kontrollil ovaryan hiperstimillasyon protokollerine yeni ajanlarm katihp, gerek maliyet gerekse hasta dostu yaklaşım açısmdan klinisyenlere farklı seçenekler sunmaya olanak sağlamıştır. Aşağıdaki derlemede, ovulasyon indilksiyonu ve kontrollil ovaryan hiperstimillasyon protokolleri özetlenecek ve literatilrdeki yeni gelişmeler sunulacaktlr.

Anahtar Kelimeler

infertilite, ovulasyon indilksiyonu, kontrollil ovaryan stimillasyon

Kaynakça

• 1. Hull MG, Glazener CM, Kelly NJ, Conway DI, Foster PA, Hinton RA, Coulson C, Lambert PA, Watt EM, Desai KM. Population study of causes, treatment, and outcome of infertility.Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985;291(6510):1693.
• 2. Collins JA, Hughes EG Pharmacological interventions for the induction of ovulation. Drugs. 1995 Sep;50(3):480-94. Review
• 3. Laven JS, Imani B, Eijkemans MJ, Fauser BC. New approach to polycystic ovary syndrome and other forms of anovulatory infertility. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2002;57(11):755.
• 4. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.Use of clomiphene citrate in women. Fertil Steril. 2006 Nov;86(5 Suppl 1):S187-93. Review.
• 5. Clark JH, Markaverich BM.The agonistic-antagonistic properties of clomiphene: a review. Pharmacol Ther. 1981;15(3):467-519.
• 6. Mikkelson TJ, Kroboth PD, Cameron WJ, Dittert LW, Chungi V, Manberg PJ. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of clomiphene citrate in normal volunteers.Fertil Steril. 1986 Sep;46(3):392-6
• 7. Van Campenhout J, Borreman E, Wyman H, Antaki A.Induction of ovulation with cisclomiphene. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1973 Feb 1;115(3):321-7
• 8. Young SL, Opsahl MS, Fritz MA. Serum concentrations of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene across consecutive cycles of clomiphene citrate therapy in anovulatory infertile women.Fertil Steril. 1999 Apr;71(4):639-44
• 9. Kerin JF, Liu JH, Phillipou G, Yen SS. Evidence for a hypothalamic site of action of clomiphene citrate in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Aug;61(2):265-8
• 10. Kettel LM, Roseff SJ, Berga SL, Mortola JF, Yen SS. Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian response to clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1993 Mar;59(3):532-8
• 11. Jorgensen SE, Starup J, Roos J, Micic S. Studies on the mode of action of clomiphene citrate. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1976;55(4):337-40.
• 12. Dehbashi S, Parsanezhad ME, Alborzi S, Zarei A. Effect of clomiphene citrate on endometrium thickness and echogenic patterns. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003;80(1):49
• 13. Bonhoff AJ, Naether OG, Johannisson E. Effects of clomiphene citrate stimulation on endometrial structure in infertile women. Hum Reprod. 1996;11(4):844.
• 14. Sereepapong W, Suwajanakorn S, Triratanachat S, Sampatanukul P, Pruksananonda K, Boonkasemsanti W, Reinprayoon D Effects of clomiphene citrate on the endometrium of regularly cycling women. Fertil Steril. 2000;73(2):287.
• 15. Goldstein SR, Siddhanti S, Ciaccia AV, Plouffe L Jr. A pharmacological review of selective oestrogen receptor modulators. Hum Reprod Update. 2000 May-Jun;6(3):212-24. Review
• 16. Sovino H, Sir-Petermann T, Devoto L Clomiphene citrate and ovulation induction. Reprod Biomed Online. 2002 MayJun;4(3):303-10.
• 17. Wu CH, Winkel CA. The effect of therapy initiation day on clomiphene citrate therapy.Fertil Steril. 1989 Oct;52(4):564-8.
• 18. Lobo RA, Gysler M, March CM, Goebelsmann U, Mishell DR Jr. Clinical and laboratory predictors of clomiphene response. Fertil Steril. 1982 Feb;37(2):168-74.
• 19. Dodge ST, Strickler RC, Keller DW. Ovulation induction with low doses of clomiphene citrate. Obstet Gynecol. 1986 Mar;67(3 Suppl):63S-65S
• 20. Lobo RA, Granger LR, Davajan V, Mishell DR Jr An extended regimen of clomiphene citrate in women unresponsive to standard therapy. Fertil Steril. 1982 Jun;37(6):762-6
• 21. de Crespigny LC, O'Herlihy C, Robinson HP. Ultrasonic observation of the mechanism of human ovulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981 Mar 15;139(6):636-9.
• 22. Imani B, Eijkemans MJ, te Velde ER, Habbema JD, Fauser BC. Predictors of patients remaining anovulatory during clomiphene citrate induction of ovulation in normogonadotropic oligoame norrheic infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jul;83(7):2361- 5.
• 23. Imani B, Eijkemans MJ, te Velde ER, Habbema JD, Fauser BC. Predictors of chances to conceive in ovulatory patients during clomiphene citrate induction of ovulation in normogonadotropic oligoamenorrheic infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 May;84(5):1617-22.
• 24. Daly DC, Walters CA, Soto-Albors CE, Tohan N, Riddick DH. A randomized study of dexamethasone in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril. 1984 Jun;41(6):844-8
• 25. Isaacs JD Jr, Lincoln SR, Cowan BD. Extended clomiphene citrate (CC) and prednisone for the treatment of chronic anovulation resistant to CC alone. Fertil Steril. 1997 Apr;67(4):641-3.
• 26. Heard MJ, Pierce A, Carson SA, Buster JE. Pregnancies following use of metformin for ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.Fertil Steril. 2002 Apr;77(4):669-73.
• 27. Nestler JE, Jakubowicz DJ, Evans WS, Pasquali R.Effects of metformin on spontaneous and clomiphene-induced ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jun 25;338(26):1876-80
• 28. Tang T, Lord JM, Norman RJ, Yasmin E, Balen AH. Insulinsensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiroinositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;5:CD003053. Review
• 29. Thessaloniki ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2008 Mar;23(3):462-77.
• 30. Holzer H, Casper R, Tulandi T.A new era in ovulation induction. Fertil Steril. 2006 Feb;85(2):277-84. Review.
• 31. Lee VC, Ledger W. Aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction and ovarian stimulation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011 May;74(5):537-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04006.x. Review
• 32. Mitwally MF, Casper RF.Aromatase inhibitors in ovulation induction. Semin Reprod Med. 2004 Feb;22(1):61-78. Review.
• 33. www.uptodate.com. Casper RF, Mitwally MFM. Ovulation induction with aromatase inhibitors.
• 34. Requena A, Herrero J, Landeras J, Navarro E, Neyro JL, Salvador C, Tur R, Callejo J, Checa MA, Farré M, Espinós JJ, Fábregues F, Graña-Barcia M; Reproductive Endocrinology Interest Group of Spanish Society of Fertility. Use of letrozole in assisted reproduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2008 Nov-Dec;14(6):571-82. Epub 2008 Sep 23.)
• 35. He D, Jiang F Meta-analysis of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online. 2011 Jul;23(1):91-6.
• 36. Polyzos NP, Tzioras S, Badawy AM, Valachis A, Dritsas C, Mauri D.Aromatase inhibitors for female infertility: a systematic review of the literature.Reprod Biomed Online. 2009 Oct;19(4):456-71. Review.
• 37. Polyzos NP, Tzioras S, Mauri D, Tsappi M, Cortinovis I, Tsali L, Casazza G. Treatment of unexplained infertility with aromatase inhibitors or clomiphene citrate: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2008 Jul;63(7):472-9. Review
• 38. Goswami SK, Das T, Chattopadhyay R, Sawhney V, Kumar J, Chaudhury K, Chakravarty BN, Kabir SN. A randomized singleblind controlled trial of letrozole as a low-cost IVF protocol in women with poor ovarian response: a preliminary report. Hum Reprod. 2004 Sep;19(9):2031-5. Epub 2004 Jun 24
• 39. Ozmen B, Sönmezer M, Atabekoglu CS, Olmus H. Use of aromatase inhibitors in poor-responder patients receiving GnRH antagonist protocols. Reprod Biomed Online. 2009 Oct;19(4):478-85
• 40. Garcia-Velasco JA, Moreno L, Pacheco A, Guillén A, Duque L, Requena A, Pellicer A. The aromatase inhibitor letrozole increases the concentration of intraovarian androgens and improves in vitro fertilization outcome in low responder patients: a pilot study.Fertil Steril. 2005 Jul;84(1):82-7
• 41. Verpoest WM, Kolibianakis E, Papanikolaou E, Smitz J, Van Steirteghem A, Devroey P Aromatase inhibitors in ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI: a pilot study. Reprod Biomed Online. 2006 Aug;13(2):166-72
• 42. Papanikolaou EG, Polyzos NP, Humaidan P, Pados G, Bosch E, Tournaye H, Tarlatzis B.Aromatase inhibitors in stimulated IVF cycles. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011 Jun 21;9:85.
• 43. Mitwally MF, Casper RF. Single-dose administration of an aromatase inhibitor for ovarian stimulation. Fertil Steril. 2005 Jan;83(1):229-31
• 44. Badawy A, Elnashar A, Totongy M.Clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors for superovulation in women with unexplained infertility undergoing intrauterine insemination: a prospective randomized trial.Fertil Steril. 2009 Oct;92(4):1355-9. Epub 2008 Aug 9
• 45. Biljan MM, Hemmings R, Brassard N. The outcome of 150 babies following the treatment with letrozol or letrozol and gonadotrophins. Fertil Steril. 2005; 84, O-231, Abstract, 1033.
• 46. Tulandi T, Martin J, Al-Fadhli R, Kabli N, Forman R, Hitkari J, Librach C, Greenblatt E, Casper RF.Congenital malformations among 911 newborns conceived after infertility treatment with letrozole or clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril. 2006 Jun;85(6):1761-5. Epub 2006 May 2.
• 47. Tiboni GM, Marotta F, Rossi C, Giampietro F.Effects of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on in utero development in rats. Hum Reprod. 2008 Aug;23(8):1719-23. Epub 2008 May 15
• 48. Macklon NS, Fauser BCJM. Gonadotrophins in ovulation induction. Reprod Biomed Online. 2005; 10. Suppl.3:25-31.
• 49. Fauser BC, Van Heusden AM.Manipulation of human ovarian function: physiological concepts and clinical consequences. Endocr Rev. 1997 Feb;18(1):71-106. Review
• 50. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Use of exogenous gonadotropins in anovulatory women: a technical bulletin. Fertil Steril. 2008 Nov;90(5 Suppl):S7-12. Review.
• 51. Daya S. Optimal protocol for GnRH agonist use in ovarian stimulation. In: Gomel V, Cheung, PCK, eds. In Vitro Fertiliztion and Assisted Reproduction. Bologna, Italy: Monduzzi Editore, 1997:405-415.
• 52. Howles CM, Macnamee MC, Edwards RG. Short term use of an LHRH agonist to treat poor responders entering an in-vitro fertilization programme. Hum Reprod. 1987 Nov;2(8):655-6
• 53. Padilla SL, Dugan K, Maruschak V, Shalika S, Smith RD. Use of the flare-up protocol with high dose human follicle stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotropins for in vitro fertilization in poor responders. Fertil Steril. 1996 Apr;65(4):796-9
• 54. Scott RT, Navot D. Enhancement of ovarian responsiveness with microdoses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist during ovulation induction for in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 1994 May;61(5):880-5
• 55. Schoolcraft W, Schlenker T, Gee M, Stevens J, Wagley L Improved controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in poor responder in vitro fertilization patients with a microdose follicle-stimulating hormone flare, growth hormone protocol.Fertil Steril. 1997 Jan;67(1):93-7
• 56. Albano C, Felberbaum RE, Smitz J, Riethmüller-Winzen H, Engel J, Diedrich K, Devroey P Ovarian stimulation with HMG: results of a prospective randomized phase III European study comparing the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-antagonist cetrorelix and the LHRH-agonist buserelin. European Cetrorelix Study Group. Hum Reprod. 2000 Mar;15(3):526-31.
• 57. Borm G, Mannaerts B. Treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist ganirelix in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone is effective, safe and convenient: results of a controlled, randomized, multicentre trial. The European Orgalutran Study Group. Hum Reprod. 2000 Jul;15(7):1490-8.
• 58. Al-Inany HG, Youssef MA, Aboulghar M, Broekmans F, Sterrenburg M, Smit J, Abou-Setta AM.Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 May 11;(5):CD001750. Review