Arianizm ve Pelagianizm: Dördüncü ve Beşinci Yüzyılların İki Büyük Sapkınlığı

Öz

Batı medeniyetinde, farklı dini teolojilerin birbiriyle çeliştiği bir zamanda, karşıt düşünce okulları, erken Hıristiyanlığın kalbindeki en temel öğretilerden bazılarını yeniden formüle etmeye ve rasyonalize etmeye çalıştı. Bu okulların kurucuları, Roma İmparatorluğu’nun ve aynı zamanda Roma Katolik Kilisesi’nin ortodoksluğuna ve otoritesine meydan okudukları için radikaller ve sapkınlar olarak damgalandıklarından, bu öğretmenler kısa sürede dışlandı ve kusurlu ve hatalı inançları nedeniyle sert bir şekilde cezalandırıldı. Özellikle milattan sonra dördüncü ve beşinci yüzyıllara odaklanan bu makale, bu tarihsel dönemlere ait iki büyük sapkınlığı, Arianizm ve Pelagianizm’i ve bunların arkasındaki oldukça etkili, ancak tartışmalı düşünürleri tanıtacaktır. Kirene (günümüz Libya’sı) papazı Arius (MS 256-336) ve İngiliz keşiş ve ilahiyatçı Pelagius (MS 390-418) tarafından formüle edilen ve konformist olmayan teolojik görüşleri bugün hâlâ tartışılan bu iki dini şahsiyet, Kraliyet ve Kilise’nin kesin olarak belirlenmiş kurallarına ve doktrinlerine meydan okumaya cesaret ettiler

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arianizm
• Pelagianizm
• sapkınlık
• Roma İmparatorluğu
• Roma Katolik Kilisesi

Arianism and Pelagianism: Two Great Heresies of the Fourth and Fifth Centuries

Öz

At a time in Western civilization when differing religious theologies were at odds with each another, opposing schools of thought attempted to reformulate and rationalize some of the most fundamental teachings at the heart of early Christianity. As the founders of these schools were branded as radicals and heretics for defying the orthodoxy and authority of the Roman Empire and at the same time, of the Roman Catholic Church, these teachers were soon ostracized and harshly punished for their flawed and erroneous beliefs. Focusing on the fourth and fifth centuries of the Common Era specifically, this paper will introduce two great heresies that belonged to those historical periods namely, Arianism and Pelagianism, and the highly influential, yet controversial thinkers behind them. Formulated by the Cyrenaic (modern-day Libya) presbyter, Arius (256-336 CE) and the British monk and theologian, Pelagius (390-418 CE), these two religious figures whose nonconformist theological positions are still being debated today, dared in their own defiant ways to challenge the firmly established rules and doctrines of Crown and Church.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arianism
• Pelagianism
• heresy
• Roman Empire
• Roman Catholic Church
• Arianizm

Kaynakça

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