Melenikon ve Pousgousa Bağlamında Roma Bilincinin Oluşumunda Toprak Politikalarının Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışma, Bizans İmparatorluğu, Anadolu Selçuklu İmparatorluğu ve İkinci Bulgar İmparatorluğu'nun toprak rejimlerini, hukuki düzenlemelerini ve kültürel entegrasyon uygulamalarını karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz ederek, etnik ve dini azınlıklarla uyum süreçlerinin devlet meşruiyeti ve halkın siyasi sadakati üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Tarihsel-iletişimsel bir analiz yöntemi aracılığıyla, Anna Comnena, Leo Diakonos, Georgios Akropolites, Niketas Choniates gibi çağdaş Bizans kronikçileri gibi birincil kaynaklar ile epigrafik ve vakıf belgeleri sistematik olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma, Bizans'ın thema sisteminden pronoia sistemine geçişinin köylüleri bağımlı bir ekonomik sınıfa dönüştürdüğünü, Selçuklu miri toprak rejiminin ise yerel Rum nüfusunun siyasi sadakatini ve toprak istikrarını güçlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, İkinci Bulgar İmparatorluğu'ndaki pronoia temelli toprak politikaları kapsayıcı bir entegrasyona yol açmamış, soylu ve dini toprak sahiplerinin ayrıcalıklı konumunu korumuş ve köylülük lehine devrimci bir değişime yol açmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, sınır toplumlarında "Romalılık" algısının ve devlet otoritesine bağlılığın şekillenmesinde farklı bölgesel düzenlemelerin ve kültürel ödünçleme stratejilerinin oynadığı belirgin roller, tarihsel ve sosyokültürel bağlamlarıyla birlikte vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Melenikon
• Miri Kara Rejimi
• Pousgousa
• Pronoia Sistemi
• Romalılık

The Role of Land Policies in the Formation of Roman Consciousness in the Context of Melenikon and Pousgousa

Öz

By comparatively analysing the territorial regimes, legal arrangements and cultural integration practices of the Byzantine Empire, the Anatolian Seljuk Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire, this study aims to reveal the effects of the harmonisation processes with ethnic and religious minorities on state legitimacy and the political loyalty of the population. Through a historical-communicative method of analysis, primary sources such as contemporary Byzantine chroniclers such as Anna Comnena, Leo Diakonos, George Akropolites, Niketas Choniates, as well as epigraphic and foundation documents are systematically evaluated. The study shows that the Byzantine transition from the thema system to the pronoia system transformed the peasants into a dependent economic class, while the Seljuk miri land regime strengthened the political loyalty and territorial stability of the local Greek population. In contrast, pronoia-based land policies in the Second Bulgarian Empire did not lead to inclusive integration, preserved the privileged position of noble and religious landowners, and did not lead to revolutionary change in favour of the peasantry. In conclusion, the distinctive roles played by different territorial arrangements and strategies of cultural appropriation in shaping the perception of "Romanness" and loyalty to state authority in frontier societies are highlighted, along with their historical and sociocultural contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Miri Land Regime
• Melenikon
• Pousgousa
• Pronoia System
• Romanism

Kaynakça

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