Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve İpek Yollarının Karşılıklı Etkileşimler: Kronolojik Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 653 - 696, 30.09.2025

Talha Kemal Koçak , Göze Özlem Karaca Koçak

https://doi.org/10.21551/jhf.1786361

Öz

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve İpek Yollarının karşılıklı etkileşimlerini anlamak, uluslararası ticaretin geç orta çağdan modern çağa kadarki evrimsel süreci ile ilgili bilgiliyi geliştirmeye yardımcı olabilir. Çünkü Osmanlılar bu dönemde İpek Yolları üzerinde büyük bir güç ve jeostratejik konuma sahipti. Ancak bu karşılıklı etkileşimler literatürde genellikle yüzeysel bahsedilmektedir. Bu histografik açığı gidermek için, mevcut çalışma 14. yüzyıldan 20. yüzyılın başına kadar Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve İpek Yolları arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Bursa'nın İpek Yolları'na entegrasyonu, Osmanlıları Avrasya'nın önemli bir ticaret merkezi haline getirerek erken dönemdeki genişlemelerini ve ekonomik güçlerini besledi. 1453'te İstanbul'un fethi, kara ve deniz ticareti üzerindeki kontrollerini daha da artırarak kültürel alışverişi ateşledi ve dolaylı olarak Avrupa'nın yeni deniz yolları arayışına yol açtı. 16. yüzyıldaki Osmanlı deniz hakimiyeti Akdeniz'deki nüfuzunu korudu, ancak 17. ve 18. yüzyıllarda Avrupalı güçler onları giderek daha fazla gölgede bırakarak Osmanlıları aracı olarak yeniden konumlandırdı ve ekonomik bağımlılıklarını derinleştirdi. Reformlara rağmen, 19. yüzyıldaki endüstriyel durgunluk ve tarımsal ihracata bağımlılık imparatorluğu zayıflattı ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında dış bağımlılık ve çatışmalar çöküşünü hızlandırdı. Osmanlıların İpek Yolları üzerindeki hakimiyeti ekonomik ve siyasi güçlerini pekiştirdi, ancak küresel ticaret yavaş yavaş deniz yollarına kaydıkça, bu bağımlılık nüfuzlarını zayıflattı ve Avrupa genişlemesine karşı savunmasız hale getirdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Osmanlılar , İpek Yolları , uluslararası ticaret , Türk koridoru , Avrasya

Mutual Influences of the Ottoman Empire and the Silk Roads: A Chronological Study

Öz

Understanding the interactions between the Ottoman Empire and the Silk Roads can advance our knowledge of how international trade evolved from the late Middle Ages to the modern era. During this period, the Ottomans held significant power and a geostrategic position along the Silk Roads. However, these interactions are often only superficially discussed in the literature. To address this historiographic gap, the current study examines the relationship between the Ottoman Empire and the Silk Roads from the 14th to the early 20th century. The integration of Bursa into the Silk Roads established the Ottomans as a major trading hub in Eurasia, fueling their early expansion and economic power. The conquest of Constantinople in 1453 further strengthened their control over land and maritime trade, igniting cultural exchange and indirectly prompting Europe's search for new sea routes. While Ottoman naval dominance maintained their influence in the Mediterranean in the 16th century, European powers eclipsed them in the 17th and 18th centuries. This repositioned the Ottomans as intermediaries, deepening their economic dependence. Despite reforms, industrial stagnation and dependence on agricultural exports weakened the empire in the 19th century. External dependence and conflicts then accelerated its collapse in the early 20th century. While Ottoman dominance of the Silk Roads initially consolidated their economic and political power, their dependence on this trade route weakened their influence as global trade gradually shifted to sea routes, making them vulnerable to European expansion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ottomans , Silk Roads , international trade , Turkish corridor , Eurasia

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