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THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 28.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.29228/JOHSE.14

Öz

Introduction and Objective: Burnout is accepted as a medical condition and described as three facets of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. High workload, over-commitment, and prolonged exposure to high levels of stress at work cause burnout. Symptoms of burnout are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Self-compassion is a healthy form of self-acceptance. It represents a friendly, warm and accepting manner towards those aspects of oneself and one’s life that are disliked.
The objective of this survey study is to investigate the impact of self-compassion in relation to work engagement and burnout, bringing this issue to the forefront in an effort to decrease negative effects of burnout and indirectly enhance well-being among health care employees through self-compassion and increasing awareness.
Method and Materials: 43 health care workers from public hospitals in Turkey participated in this study. All the participants were informed of study’s objective, confidentiality and anonymity and they were assigned randomly in to groups. Survey was consisted of 74 questions and conducted via Google Survey. Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) were used.
Results: The strongest correlation was client-related burnout (r= .864, p= .00), followed by work-related burnout (r= .966, p= .00) and personal burnout (r= .903, p= .00). Another strongest significant correlation was between work-related burnout and personal burnout. Results suggest that health care workers get more affected by interaction with patients and relatives of patients in overall model but also daily life and occupational stressors trigger one another. Particularly participants with low and moderate self-compassion get more affected from burnout. No significant relationship was found for high self-compassion condition, Burnout and work engagement interaction is affected by self-compassion, although self-compassion has not a direct significant effect on work engagement.
Conclusion: As self-compassion decreases, the negative relationship between burnout and work engagement gets stronger. This research posits that self-compassion of health care workers can be improved through training and awareness, and self-compassion has a mediating effect on burnout and work engagement.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Maslach, C. Burnout: A multidimensional perspective. In W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach, & T. Marek (Eds.), Series in applied psychology: Social issues and questions. Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research Taylor & Francis 1993:19-32.
  • 2. Köverová, M. & Ráczová, B. Burnout, Stress and Compassion Fatigue Among Helping Professionals. International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends 2017
  • 3. Mark, G. & Smith, A. P. Occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2012;17: 505-521.
  • 4. Grandey, A. A.Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2000; 5(1): 95–110.
  • 5. Lloyd, C., King, R. & Chenoweth, L. Social work, stress and burnout: A review. Journal of Mental Health. 2002; 11(3): 255–265.
  • 6. Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. The Career Development International. 2009;14(3):204–220.
  • 7. Gazelle, G., Liebschutz, J. M. & Riess, H. Physician Burnout: Coaching a Way Out. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2014;30(4): 508-513.
  • 8. Van Humbeeck, G., Van Audenhove, C. & Declercq, A. Mental health, burnout and job satisfaction among professionals in sheltered living in Flanders: A pilot study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2004;39(7):569-575.
  • 9. Zapf, D., Seifert, C., Schmutte, B., Mertini, H. & Holz, M. Emotion Work and Job Stressors and Their Effects on Burnout. Journal of Psychology & Health. 2001;16(5): 27-45.
  • 10. Morris, J. A. & Feldman, D. CThe Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Emotional Labor. Academy of Management Review. 1996; 21(4): 986-1010.
  • 11. Ashforth, B. E. & Humphrey, R. H. Emotional Labor in Service Roles: The Influence of Identity. Academy of Management Review. 1993;18(1):88-115.
  • 12. Neff, K. D. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity. 2003;2:223-250.
  • 13. Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S. & Kirkpatrick, K. L. An Examination of Self-Compassion in Relation to Positive Psychological Functioning and Personality Traits. Journal of Research in Personality. 2007; 41: 908-916.
  • 14. Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K. & Hsieh, Y. Self-Compassion and Self-Construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2008; 3(39): 267-285.
  • 15. Montero-Marin, J., Tops, M., Manzanera, R., Demarzo, M.M.P., Alvarez de Mon, M. & Garcia-Campayo, JMindfulness, Resilience, and Burnout Subtypes in Primary Care Physicians: The Possible Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affect. Frontiers in Psychology. 2015;6. doi: 10.3389
  • 16. Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B. & Hancock, J. Self-Compassion and Reactions to Unpleasant Self-Relevant Events: The Implications of Treating Oneself Kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007;5(92): 887-904.
  • 17. Mäkikangas, A., Feldt, T., Kinnunen, U. & Mauno, S. Does Personality Matter? A Review of Individual Differences in Occupational Well-Being. In B. A. Bakker (Ed.), Advances in Positive Organizational Psychology. 2013:102-143.
  • 18. Bakker, A.B. An Evidence-Based Model of Work Engagement. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2011; 20(4): 265–269
  • 19. Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A.BJob demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multisample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2004;25: 293–315.
  • 20. González-Romá, V., Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B. & Lloret, S. Burnout and work engagement: Independent factors or opposite poles?. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2006; 165–174, doi:10.1016
  • 21. Bakker, A.B., Schaufeli, W.B., Leiter, M.P. & Taris, T.W. Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress. 2008;22(3): 187-200.
  • 22. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2009;74:235–244.
  • 23. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2009;82:183–200.
  • 24. Neff, K. D. The Self-Compassion Scale is a Valid and Theoretically Coherent Measure of Self-Compassion. Mindfulness. 2015; 7(1):264–274.
  • 25. Cohen, S., Komarck, T. & Mermelstein, R. A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1983;24: 385-396
  • 26. Schaufeli, W. B. & Bakker, A. Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Preliminary Manual, Version 1.1, 2004
  • 27. Kristensen, T. S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E. & Christensen, K. B. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work and Stress. 2005; 19(3): 192- 207.
  • 28. Deliorman, R., Boz, İ., Yiğit, İ. & Yıldız, S. An Alternative Tool for the Measurement of Burnout: Adaptation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory on Marmara University Academics. 2009;63:7795 .
  • 29. Zyga, S., Mitrousi, S., Alikari, V., Sachlas, A., Stathoulis, J., Fradelos, E., Panoutsopoulos, G. & Maria, L. Assessing Factors That Affect Coping Strategies Among Nursing Personnel. Mater Sociomed. 2016;28(2):146-150.
  • 30. Sanfilippo, F., Noto, A., Foresta, G., Santonocito, C., Palumbo, G.J., Arcadipane, A., Maybauer, D.M. & Maybauer, M.O. Incidence and Factors Associated with Burnout in Anesthesiology: A Systematic Review. BioMed Research International. 2017 doi: 10.1155/2017/8648925.
  • 31. Rout, U. S. Stress Among District Nurses: A Preliminary Investigation. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2000;9:303-309.
  • 32. Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. Burnout and engagement: Contributions to a new vision [Editorial]. Burnout Research. 2017;5:55–57.
  • 33. Landsbergis, P. A. Occupational stress among health care workers: A test of the job demands-control model. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 1988;9:217-239.
  • 34. McNeely, S. Stress and coping strategies in nurses from palliative, psychiatric and general nursing areas, Employee Councelling Today. 1995;7(5):11-13.
  • 35. Zafar, W., Siddiqui, E., Ejaz, K., Shehzad, M. U., Khan, U. R., Jamali, S. & Razzak, J. A. Health Care Personnel and Workplace Violence in the Emergency Departments of a Volatile Metropolis: Results from Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2013;45(5):761-772.
  • 36. Ferri, P., Silvestri, M., Artoni, C. & Di Lorenzo, R. Workplace violence in different settings and among various health professionals in an Italian general hospital: a cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2016;9: 263-275.
  • 37. Sun, P., Zhang, X., Sun, Y., Ma, H., Jiao, M., Xing, K., Kang, Z., Ning, N., Fu, Y., Wu, Q. & Yin, M. Workplace Violence against Health Care Workers in North Chinese Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017;14(96). doi:10.3390.
  • 38. Maslach C., Schaufeli W. B., Leiter M. P. Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology. 2001;52: 397–422.
  • 39. Prins, J. T., Hoekstra-Weebers, J. E. H. M., Gazendam-Donofrio, S. M., Dillingh, G. S., Bakker, A. B., Huisman, M., Jacobs, B. & van der Heijden, F. M. M. A. Burnout and engagement among resident doctors in the Netherlands: a national study. Medical Education. 2010;44: 236-247.
  • 40. Montero-Marin, J., Zubiaga, F., Cereceda, M., Demarzo, M.M.P., Trenc, P. & Garcia-Campayo, J. Burnout Subtypes and Absence of Self- Compassion in Primary Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(6). doi:10.1371.
  • 41. Gilbert, P., Baldwin, M. W., Irons, C., Baccus, J. R., & Palmer, M. Self-Criticism and Self-Warmth: An Imagery Study Exploring Their Relation to Depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2006;20(2):183–200.
  • 42. Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. Compassionate Mind Training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy.2006;13: 353–379.

SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA, ÖZ ŞEFKATİN TÜKENMİŞLİK VE İŞE BAĞLILIK ÜZERİNE ILIMLAŞTIRICI ETKİSİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 28.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.29228/JOHSE.14

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: Tükenmişlik tıbbi bir durumdur ve tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve yetersizlik olarak olmak üzere üç boyutta tanımlamaktadır. Yüksek iş yükü, aşırı bağlılık ve uzun süre yüksek düzeyde strese maruz kalmak tükenmişliğe neden olur. Tükenmişliğin belirtileri duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarıda azalmadır. Öz-şefkat ise sağlıklı bir kendini kabul etme biçimidir. Kişinin kendisinin ve hayatının sevilmeyen yönlerine karşı samimi, sıcak ve kabul edici bir tavrı temsil eder.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık çalışanlarında öz-şefkatin, işe adanmışlık ve tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak, sağlık çalışanları arasında öz-şefkat yoluyla dolaylı olarak iyilik halini artırmak için konunun ön plana çıkarılması ve farkındalığın artırılması amaçlanmaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 43 sağlık çalışanı katıldı. Tüm katılımcılara çalışmanın amacı, gizliliği ve anonimliği hakkında bilgi verildi ve rastgele gruplara ayrıldı. Değerlendirmede; Google Survey üzerinden 74 soruluk anket yapıldı. Öz-şefkat Ölçeği (SCS), Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (PSS), Utrecht İşe Bağlılık Ölçeği (UWES) ve Kopenhag Tükenmişlik Envanteri (CBI) kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda, danışan kaynaklı tükenmişlik (r= .864, p= .00), ardından işle ilgili tükenmişlik (r= .966, p= .00) ve kişisel tükenmişlik (r= .903, p= .00) olmuştur. Buna ek olarak, işle ilgili tükenmişlik ile kişisel tükenmişlik arasındaki en güçlü anlamlı ilişki de vardı. Sonuçlar, genel modelde sağlık çalışanlarının hasta ve hasta yakınları ile etkileşiminden daha fazla etkilendiğini, aynı zamanda günlük yaşam ve mesleki stresörlerin birbirini tetiklediğini göstermektedir. Özellikle öz şefkati düşük ve orta seviyede olan katılımcıların tükenmişlikten daha çok etkilendiklerini göstermiştir. Yüksek öz şefkati olanlar ile ilgili anlamlı bir sonuç bulunamamıştır. Öz-şefkatin, işe bağlılık üzerinde doğrudan bir etkisi olmamasına rağmen, tükenmişlik ve işe bağlılık arasındaki ilişkide önemli bir moderatör olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç: Öz-şefkat azaldıkça, tükenmişlik ile işe bağlılık arasındaki ilişki daha olumsuz hale gelmektedir. Sağlık çalışanlarında, eğitim ve farkındalık ile öz-şefkat düzeylerinin artacağı, öz-şefkat düzeylerinin tükenmişlik ve işe bağlılık üzerine ılımlaştırıcı bir etkisi olduğu kanaatindeyiz.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Maslach, C. Burnout: A multidimensional perspective. In W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach, & T. Marek (Eds.), Series in applied psychology: Social issues and questions. Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research Taylor & Francis 1993:19-32.
  • 2. Köverová, M. & Ráczová, B. Burnout, Stress and Compassion Fatigue Among Helping Professionals. International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends 2017
  • 3. Mark, G. & Smith, A. P. Occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2012;17: 505-521.
  • 4. Grandey, A. A.Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2000; 5(1): 95–110.
  • 5. Lloyd, C., King, R. & Chenoweth, L. Social work, stress and burnout: A review. Journal of Mental Health. 2002; 11(3): 255–265.
  • 6. Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. The Career Development International. 2009;14(3):204–220.
  • 7. Gazelle, G., Liebschutz, J. M. & Riess, H. Physician Burnout: Coaching a Way Out. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2014;30(4): 508-513.
  • 8. Van Humbeeck, G., Van Audenhove, C. & Declercq, A. Mental health, burnout and job satisfaction among professionals in sheltered living in Flanders: A pilot study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2004;39(7):569-575.
  • 9. Zapf, D., Seifert, C., Schmutte, B., Mertini, H. & Holz, M. Emotion Work and Job Stressors and Their Effects on Burnout. Journal of Psychology & Health. 2001;16(5): 27-45.
  • 10. Morris, J. A. & Feldman, D. CThe Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Emotional Labor. Academy of Management Review. 1996; 21(4): 986-1010.
  • 11. Ashforth, B. E. & Humphrey, R. H. Emotional Labor in Service Roles: The Influence of Identity. Academy of Management Review. 1993;18(1):88-115.
  • 12. Neff, K. D. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity. 2003;2:223-250.
  • 13. Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S. & Kirkpatrick, K. L. An Examination of Self-Compassion in Relation to Positive Psychological Functioning and Personality Traits. Journal of Research in Personality. 2007; 41: 908-916.
  • 14. Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K. & Hsieh, Y. Self-Compassion and Self-Construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2008; 3(39): 267-285.
  • 15. Montero-Marin, J., Tops, M., Manzanera, R., Demarzo, M.M.P., Alvarez de Mon, M. & Garcia-Campayo, JMindfulness, Resilience, and Burnout Subtypes in Primary Care Physicians: The Possible Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affect. Frontiers in Psychology. 2015;6. doi: 10.3389
  • 16. Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B. & Hancock, J. Self-Compassion and Reactions to Unpleasant Self-Relevant Events: The Implications of Treating Oneself Kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007;5(92): 887-904.
  • 17. Mäkikangas, A., Feldt, T., Kinnunen, U. & Mauno, S. Does Personality Matter? A Review of Individual Differences in Occupational Well-Being. In B. A. Bakker (Ed.), Advances in Positive Organizational Psychology. 2013:102-143.
  • 18. Bakker, A.B. An Evidence-Based Model of Work Engagement. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2011; 20(4): 265–269
  • 19. Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A.BJob demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multisample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2004;25: 293–315.
  • 20. González-Romá, V., Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B. & Lloret, S. Burnout and work engagement: Independent factors or opposite poles?. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2006; 165–174, doi:10.1016
  • 21. Bakker, A.B., Schaufeli, W.B., Leiter, M.P. & Taris, T.W. Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress. 2008;22(3): 187-200.
  • 22. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2009;74:235–244.
  • 23. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2009;82:183–200.
  • 24. Neff, K. D. The Self-Compassion Scale is a Valid and Theoretically Coherent Measure of Self-Compassion. Mindfulness. 2015; 7(1):264–274.
  • 25. Cohen, S., Komarck, T. & Mermelstein, R. A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1983;24: 385-396
  • 26. Schaufeli, W. B. & Bakker, A. Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Preliminary Manual, Version 1.1, 2004
  • 27. Kristensen, T. S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E. & Christensen, K. B. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work and Stress. 2005; 19(3): 192- 207.
  • 28. Deliorman, R., Boz, İ., Yiğit, İ. & Yıldız, S. An Alternative Tool for the Measurement of Burnout: Adaptation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory on Marmara University Academics. 2009;63:7795 .
  • 29. Zyga, S., Mitrousi, S., Alikari, V., Sachlas, A., Stathoulis, J., Fradelos, E., Panoutsopoulos, G. & Maria, L. Assessing Factors That Affect Coping Strategies Among Nursing Personnel. Mater Sociomed. 2016;28(2):146-150.
  • 30. Sanfilippo, F., Noto, A., Foresta, G., Santonocito, C., Palumbo, G.J., Arcadipane, A., Maybauer, D.M. & Maybauer, M.O. Incidence and Factors Associated with Burnout in Anesthesiology: A Systematic Review. BioMed Research International. 2017 doi: 10.1155/2017/8648925.
  • 31. Rout, U. S. Stress Among District Nurses: A Preliminary Investigation. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2000;9:303-309.
  • 32. Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. Burnout and engagement: Contributions to a new vision [Editorial]. Burnout Research. 2017;5:55–57.
  • 33. Landsbergis, P. A. Occupational stress among health care workers: A test of the job demands-control model. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 1988;9:217-239.
  • 34. McNeely, S. Stress and coping strategies in nurses from palliative, psychiatric and general nursing areas, Employee Councelling Today. 1995;7(5):11-13.
  • 35. Zafar, W., Siddiqui, E., Ejaz, K., Shehzad, M. U., Khan, U. R., Jamali, S. & Razzak, J. A. Health Care Personnel and Workplace Violence in the Emergency Departments of a Volatile Metropolis: Results from Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2013;45(5):761-772.
  • 36. Ferri, P., Silvestri, M., Artoni, C. & Di Lorenzo, R. Workplace violence in different settings and among various health professionals in an Italian general hospital: a cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2016;9: 263-275.
  • 37. Sun, P., Zhang, X., Sun, Y., Ma, H., Jiao, M., Xing, K., Kang, Z., Ning, N., Fu, Y., Wu, Q. & Yin, M. Workplace Violence against Health Care Workers in North Chinese Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017;14(96). doi:10.3390.
  • 38. Maslach C., Schaufeli W. B., Leiter M. P. Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology. 2001;52: 397–422.
  • 39. Prins, J. T., Hoekstra-Weebers, J. E. H. M., Gazendam-Donofrio, S. M., Dillingh, G. S., Bakker, A. B., Huisman, M., Jacobs, B. & van der Heijden, F. M. M. A. Burnout and engagement among resident doctors in the Netherlands: a national study. Medical Education. 2010;44: 236-247.
  • 40. Montero-Marin, J., Zubiaga, F., Cereceda, M., Demarzo, M.M.P., Trenc, P. & Garcia-Campayo, J. Burnout Subtypes and Absence of Self- Compassion in Primary Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(6). doi:10.1371.
  • 41. Gilbert, P., Baldwin, M. W., Irons, C., Baccus, J. R., & Palmer, M. Self-Criticism and Self-Warmth: An Imagery Study Exploring Their Relation to Depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2006;20(2):183–200.
  • 42. Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. Compassionate Mind Training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy.2006;13: 353–379.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ceren Hanci 0000-0001-5694-3102

Liina Randmann 0000-0001-6468-1579

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Hanci, C., & Randmann, L. (2022). THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS. Sağlık Hizmetleri Ve Eğitimi Dergisi, 6(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.29228/JOHSE.14
AMA Hanci C, Randmann L. THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS. SHED. Mart 2022;6(1):1-9. doi:10.29228/JOHSE.14
Chicago Hanci, Ceren, ve Liina Randmann. “THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS”. Sağlık Hizmetleri Ve Eğitimi Dergisi 6, sy. 1 (Mart 2022): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.29228/JOHSE.14.
EndNote Hanci C, Randmann L (01 Mart 2022) THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS. Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Eğitimi Dergisi 6 1 1–9.
IEEE C. Hanci ve L. Randmann, “THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS”, SHED, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 1–9, 2022, doi: 10.29228/JOHSE.14.
ISNAD Hanci, Ceren - Randmann, Liina. “THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS”. Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Eğitimi Dergisi 6/1 (Mart 2022), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.29228/JOHSE.14.
JAMA Hanci C, Randmann L. THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS. SHED. 2022;6:1–9.
MLA Hanci, Ceren ve Liina Randmann. “THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS”. Sağlık Hizmetleri Ve Eğitimi Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 1-9, doi:10.29228/JOHSE.14.
Vancouver Hanci C, Randmann L. THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SELF-COMPASSION ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS. SHED. 2022;6(1):1-9.