Investigation of the effects of different nanoparticle additionals on the mechanical properties of silicone elastomer used in maxillofacial prosthesis

Yıl 2022, , 1654 - 1660, 25.10.2022

Gamze Karaman , Eyyüp Altıntaş

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1173321

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the change in the mechanical properties of silicone elastomer used in the production of maxillofacial prostheses with the addition of 3 different nanoparticles (TiO2-SiO2-ZnO).
Material and Method: TiO2-SiO2-ZnO nanoparticles were added to the A part of the M511 Platinum (Technovent Ltd., England) silicone elastomer at a rate of 2% by weight. Test specimens were produced in sizes by ASTM D412 standards for tensile strength and percent elongation, ASTM D624 for tear strength, and ASTM D2240-68 for hardness testing. For each mechanical test, 4 groups were formed together with the control group and 3 other groups to which nanoparticles were added, and a total of 132 samples were produced, 11 samples for each group (n=11), (N=132). The data of tensile strength, elongation percentage, and tear strength tests were analyzed by Shapiro Wilk's and/or Kolmogorov Smirnov/Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis-H tests; for the hardness test, the values ​​in each group showed a normal distribution within themselves, hardness test was analyzed with Oneway ANOVA/Tukey HSD tests.
Results: The addition of TiO2 and SiO2 to the silicone elastomer significantly increased the tensile strength compared to the other groups (p<0.05), the addition of TiO2 increased the elongation percentage significantly compared to the other groups (p<0.05), all particle additions significantly increased the tear strength (p<0.05), SiO2 addition significantly increased the hardness compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: The addition of TiO2-SiO2-ZnO nanoparticles to silicone elastomer may be an effective option to improve the mechanical properties of maxillofacial prostheses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maxillofacial prostheses, nanoparticles, silicone elastomer

Proje Numarası

DHF.20.04

Kaynakça

• Fialka-Moser V, Crevenna R, Korpan M, Quittan MJJorm. Cancer Rehabilitation. J Rehabil Med 2003; 35: 153-62.
• Goiato MC, do Prado Ribeiro P, Pellizzer EP, Idelmo Rangel Garcia J, Pesqueira AA, Haddad MF. Photoelastic analysis of stress distribution in different retention systems for facial prosthesis. J Craniofac Surg 2009; 20: 757-61.
• Goiato MC, Haddad MF, C Sinhoreti MA, dos Santos DM, Pesqueira AA, Moreno A. Influence of opacifiers on dimensional stability and detail reproduction of maxillofacial silicone elastomer. Biomed Eng Online 2010; 9: 1-9.
• Hatamleh MM, Watts DC. Mechanical properties and bonding of maxillofacial silicone elastomers. Dent Mater 2010; 26: 185-91.
• Çevik P. Silika ve titanyum dioksit ilavesinin iki farklı maksillofasiyal silikon elastomerin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi. phD Thesis, Selçuk University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Konya; 2013.
• Kiat-amnuay S, Gettleman L, Khan Z, Goldsmith LJ. Effect of adhesive retention of maxillofacial prostheses. Part 2: Time and reapplication effects. J Prosthet Dent 2001; 85: 438-41.
• Wilkes GH, Wolfaardt JF. Osseointegrated alloplastic versus autogenous ear reconstruction: criteria for treatment selection. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994; 93: 967-79.
• Beumer III J, Curtis TA, Marunick MT. Beumer J, Maxillofacial rehabilitation: prosthodontic and surgical considerations. St Louis: Ishiyaku EuroAmerica, Inc.; 1996:240-285.
• Yu R, Koran A. Dimensional stability of elastomers for maxillofacial applications. J Dent Res 1979; 58: 1908-9.
• Han Y, Kiat-amnuay S, Powers JM, Zhao Y. Effect of nano-oxide concentration on the mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer. J Prosthet Dent 2008; 100: 465-73.
• Mouzakis DE, Papadopoulos TD, Polyzois GL, Griniari PG. Dynamic mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer incorporating a ZnO additive: the effect of artificial aging. J Craniofac Surg 2010; 21: 1867-71.
• Veres EM, Wolfaardt JF, Becker PJ. An evaluation of the surface characteristics of a facial prosthetic elastomer. Part I: Review of the literature on the surface characteristics of dental materials with maxillofacial prosthetic application. J Prosthet Dent 1990; 63 :193-7.
• Dootz E, Koran Ar, Craig R. Physical properties of three maxillofacial materials as a function of accelerated aging. J Prosthet Dent 1994; 71: 379-83.
• Aziz T, Waters M, Jagger R. Analysis of the properties of silicone rubber maxillofacial prosthetic materials. J Dent 2003; 31: 67-74.
• Andreopoulos A, Evangelatou M, Tarantili P. Properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomers reinforced with silica powder. J Biomater Appl 1998; 13: 66-73.
• Gunay Y, Kurtoglu C, Atay A, Karayazgan B, Gurbuz CC. Effect of tulle on the mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer. Dent Mater J 2008; 27: 775-9.
• Han Y, Kiat-amnuay S, Powers JM, Zhao Y. Effect of nano-oxide concentration on the mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer. J Prosthet Dent 2008; 100: 465-73.
• Garcia-Contreras R, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Contreras-Bulnes R, Sakagami H, Morales-Luckie RA, Nakajima H. Mechanical, antibacterial and bond strength properties of nano-titanium-enriched glass ionomer cement. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 23: 321-8.
• Mouzakis DE, Papadopoulos TD, Polyzois GL, Griniari PG. Dynamic mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer incorporating a ZnO additive: the effect of artificial aging. J Craniofac Surg 2010; 21: 1867-71.
• Lewis D, Castleberry D. An assessment of recent advances in external maxillofacial materials. J Prosthet Dent 1980; 43: 426-32.
• Craig R, Powers J. Restorative dental materials. J Biomed Mater Res 2002: 126-53.
• Wang L, Liu Q, Jing D, Zhou S, Shao L. Biomechanical properties of nano-TiO2 addition to a medical silicone elastomer: the effect of artificial ageing. J Dent 2014; 42: 475-83.
• Zayed SM, Alshimy AM, Fahmy AE. Effect of surface treated silicon dioxide nanoparticles on some mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomer. Int J Biomater 2014; 2014: 750398.
• Nobrega AS, Andreotti AM, Moreno A, Sinhoreti MA, Dos Santos DM, Goiato MC. Influence of adding nanoparticles on the hardness, tear strength, and permanent deformation of facial silicone subjected to accelerated aging. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 116: 623-9.