Evaluation of mesiobuccal root canal morphology and interorifice distance in maxillary first molar teeth: a CBCT study on Southeast Anatolian population

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mesiobuccal root canal morphologies and interorifice distances of maxillary first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 477 patients who had undergone CBCT for various reasons were examined and 654 maxillary first molars were included in the study according to the study criteria. Results: The most common canal configuration observed in mesiobuccal roots was type II (p < 0.05). The median interorifice distance was 2.28 mm in roots with type II canal configuration, while it was measured as 2.55 mm in roots with type IV canals, and a significant difference was found depending on the presence of canal in the apical third of the root (p < 0.001). The median interorifice distance was found to be 2.58 mm in males and 2.34 mm in females, and a significant difference was detected (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Various canal variations can be observed in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars, and the length of interorifice distance can predict the canal type. This information can increase the success rate of endodontic treatment.

Keywords

• Maxillary first molar
• cone-beam computed tomography
• MB2
• interorifice distance

References

1. Karabucak B, Bunes A, Chehoud C, Kohli MR, Setzer F. Prevalence of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated premolars and molars with untreated canal:a cone-beam computed tomography study. J Endod. 2016;42:538–541.
2. Wolcott J, Ishley D, Kennedy W, Johnson S, Minnich S. A 5 yr clinical investigation of second mesiobuccal canals in endodontically treated and retreated maxillary molars. J Endod. 2005;31(4):262-264.
3. Kulıd, JC, Peters DD. Incidence and configuration of canal systems in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars. J Endod. 1990;16(7):311-317.
4. Weng XL, Yu SB, Zhao SL, et al. Root canal morphology of permanent maxillary teeth in the Han nationality in Chinese Guanzhong area: a new modified root canal staining technique. J Endod. 2009;35(5):651-656. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2009.02.010
5. Fernandes NA, Herbst D, Postma TC, Bunn BK. The prevalence of second canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars:A cone beam computed tomography study. Aust Endod J. 2019;45(1):46-50.
6. Su CC, Huang RY, Wu YC, et al. Detection and location of second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary teeth: A cone-beam computed tomography analysis in a Taiwanese population. Arch Oral Biol. 2019;98:108-114. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.006
7. Onn HY, Sikun MSYA, Rahman HADhalival JS. Prevalence of mesiobuccal-2 canals in maxillary first and second molars among the Bruneian population—CBCT analysis. BDJ Open. 2022;8(1):32.
8. Martins JNR, Marques D, Silva EJNL, Carames J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary molars—a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies using cone beam computed tomography. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;113:104589.

9. Betancourt P, Navarro P, Cantin M, Fuentes R. Cone-beam computed tomography study of prevalence and location of MB2 canal in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(6):9128.
10. Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58(5):589–599.
11. Keskin, C, Keleş, A, Versiani, MA. Mesiobuccal and palatal interorifice distance may predict the presence of the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary second molars with fused roots. J Endod. 2021;47(4):585-591.
12. Aung NM, Myint KK. Diagnostic accuracy of CBCT for detection of second canal of permanent teeth:a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Dentistry. 2021;2021:1-18.
13. Al-Habib M, Howait M. Assessment of mesiobuccal canal configuration, prevalence and inter-orifice distance at different root thirds of maxillary first molars:a CBCT study. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry. 2021;105-111.
14. Yoshioka T, Kikuchi I, Fukumoto Y, Kobayashi C, Suda H. Detection of the second mesiobuccal canal in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molar teeth ex vivo. Int Endod J. 2005;38(2):124-128.
15. Al Shalabi RM, Omer OE, Glennon j, Jennings M, Claffey NM. Root canal anatomy of maxillary first and second permanent molars. Int Endod J. 2000;33(5):405-414.
16. Al Mheiri E, Chaudhry J, Abdo S, El Abed R, Khamis AH, Jamal M. Evaluation of root and canal morphology of maxillary permanent first molars in an Emirati population;a cone-beam computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20:1-9.
17. Mufadhal AA, Madfa AA. The morphology of permanent maxillary first molars evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography among a Yemeni population. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):1-12.
18. Induja, MP, Anjaneyulu K, Kumar MPS. Root canal morphology of the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars: CBCT study. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2021;8(5):2416-2419.
19. Kiefner P, Connert T, ElAyouti A, Weiger R. Treatment of calcified root canals in elderly people: a clinical study about the accessibility, the time needed and the outcome with a three‐year follow‐up. Gerodontology. 2017;34(2):164-170.
20. Reis, AGDAR, Soarez RG, Barletta FB, Fontanella VRC, Mahl CRW. Second canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars is correlated with root third and patient age:a cone-beam computed tomographic study. J Endod. 2013;39(5):588-592.
21. Zhang Y, Xu H, Wang D, et al. Assessment of the second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary first molars: a cone-beam computed tomographic study. J Endod. 2017;43(12):1990-1996. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.021
22. Cimilli H, Mumcu G, Cimilli T, Kartal N, Wesselink P. The correlation between root canal patterns and interorifice distance in mandibular first molars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102:e16–21.
23. Su CC, Wu YC, Chung MP, et al. Geometric features of second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary first molars: a cone-beam computed tomography study. J Dent Sci. 2017;12(3):241-248. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2017.03.002