Sperm değerlendirme testleri: dünden bugüne

Yıl 2020, , 71 - 76, 15.01.2020

Filiz Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.660649

Öz

İnfertilite, korunmasız ve düzenli cinsel ilişkiye rağmen, bir yılın sonunda gebelik oluşmaması durumudur ve reprodüktif yaş grubundaki çiftlerin %10-15'ini etkiler. İnfertilite nedenleri erkek ve kadın faktörleri arasında neredeyse eşit olarak bölünmüştür; her biri infertilite vakalarının yaklaşık %40'ını oluşturur, geri kalan %20'si de her ikisinin ortak etkisinden kaynaklanır. Erkek hastaların çoğunda, infertiliteden sorumlu moleküler mekanizmalar bilinmemektedir. Etyolojide genetik, epigenetik, sistemik, çevresel faktörler veya bu faktörlerin birliktelikleri yer alır. Sperm fonksiyonunu değerlendirmek için birçok test geliştirilmiş, fakat henüz sperm fertilizasyon kapasitesini öngörebilen bir test bulunamamıştır. Günümüzde ise gelişen teknoloji sayesinde genomik, protemik ve metabolomik gibi yeni yöntemler ile spermatogenezisin moleküler mekanizmaları ve erkek infertilite patogenezi araştırmaları yapılmaktadır. Bu derlemede geçmişten günümüze gelen sperm değerlendirme testleri tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sperm, semen analizi, infertilite

Sperm function tests from past to present

Öz

Infertility is the condition that pregnancy does not occur at the end of a year despite unprotected and regular sexual intercouse, affects 10-15% of couples in the reproductive age group. The causes of infertility a real most equally divided between male and female factors; each accounts for about 40% of infertility cases, while there maining 20% is due to combined effect of both. In most male patients, the molecular mechanisms responsible for infertility are unkown. Etiology includes genetic, epigenetic, systemic and environmental factors, or combinations of these factors. Several tests have been developed to evaluate sperm function, but any test has yet been found to predict sperm fertilization capacity. Today, molecular mechanism of sperm production, maturation and pathogenesis of male infertility are being investigated with new methods such as genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic thanks to developing technology. This review discusses the past, present and future of sperm evaluation tests.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sperm, semen analysis, infertility

Kaynakça

• 1)Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility, Ninth Edition: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins; 2019.
• 2)Castillo J, Estanyol JM, Ballescá JL, Oliva R. Human sperm chromatin epigenetic potential: genomics, proteomics, and male infertility. Asian J Androl.2015 Jul-Aug;17(4):601-9. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.153302. Review.
• 3) Satar D, Gençdal S, Sperm Değerlendirmesi Sperm Analizi, Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2013; 22(4):532-542
• 4) World Health Organization, WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen 5 th edition, 2010, ISBN: 978 92 4 154778 9.
• 5)Blickenstorfer K, Voelkle M, Xie M, Fröhlich A, Imthurn B, Leeners B. Are WHO Recommendations to Perform 2 Consecutive Semen Analyses for Reliable Diagnosis of Male Infertility Still Valid? J Urol. 2019 Apr;201(4):783-791. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.11.001.
• 6)Patel AS, Leong JY, Ramasamy R: Prediction of male infertility by the World Health Organization laboratory manual for assessment of semen analysis: a systematic review. Arab J Urol 2017;16: 96.
• 7)Leushuis E, van der Steeg JW, Steures P, Repping S, Bossuyt PM, BlankensteinMA, Mol BW, van der Veen F, Hompes PG. Reproducibility and reliability of repeated semen analyses in male partners of subfertile couples. Fertil Steril.2010 Dec;94(7):2631-5. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.021.
• 8)Kosteria I, Anagnostopoulos AK, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Chrousos GP, Tsangaris GT. TheUse of Proteomics in Assisted Reproduction. InVivo. 2017May-Jun;31(3):267-283. Review.
• 9)Gardner DK, Weissman A, Howles CM, Shoham Z. Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, Laboratory and Clinical Perspectives, 4ndEdition. New York, Taylor& Francis, 2012
• 10)Oehninger S, Franken DR, Sayed E, Barroso G, Kolm P, Sperm function assays and their predictive value for fertilization outcome in IVF therapy: a meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2000 Mar-Apr; 6(2):160-8.
• 11)Sikka SC, Hellstrom WJ, Currentupdates on laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of male reproductive failure. Asian J Androl. 2016 May-Jun;18(3):392-401. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.179161.
• 12)Kızılay F, Altay B, Sperm function tests in clinical practice, Turk J Urol. 2017 Dec; 43(4): 393–400.Published online 2017 Dec 1. doi: 10.5152/tud.2017.96646
• 13)Vogiatzi P, Chrelias C, Cahill DJ, Creatsa M, Vrachnis N, Iliodromiti Z, Kassanos D, Siristatidis C. Hemizona assay and sperm penetration assay in the prediction of IVF outcome: a systematic review. BiomedResInt. 2013;2013:945825.doi: 10.1155/2013/945825. Epub 2013 Oct 21. Review.
• 14)World Health Organization. 5th ed. Geneva: WHO; 2010. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Sperm.
• 15)Gosalvez J, Tvrda E, Agarwal A. Free radical and superoxide reactivity detection in semen quality assessment: past, present, and future. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2017 Jun;34(6):697-707. doi: 10.1007/s10815-017-0912-8. Epub 2017 Mar 25. Review.
• 16)Talwar P, Hayatnagarkar S.Sperm function test. J Hum ReprodSci. 2015 Apr-Jun;8(2):61-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-1208.158588.
• 17)Agarwal A, Majzoub A, Laboratory tests for oxidative stress.Indian J Urol. 2017 Jul-Sep;33(3):199-206. doi: 10.4103/iju.IJU_9_17.
• 18)G Türk, E Hicazi, A Bozkurt, Spermatozoon DNA Hasarı, F.Ü. Sağlık Bil. Dergisi 2006, 20(1), 85-95 85
• 19)Evenson DP. Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA®). Methods MolBiol.2013;927:147-64.
• 20)GK Kürekçi, M Bunsuz, G Önal, P Dinçer, Kazanılmış Epigenetik Değişikliklerin Kalıtımı ve Hastalıklara Yatkınlıktaki Rolü,İst Tıp Fak Derg 2017; 80:1 J IstFacultyMed 2017; 80: 1
• 21)Jodar M, Soler-Ventura A, Oliva R; Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development ResearchGroup. Semen proteomics and male infertility. J Proteomics. 2017 Jun6;162:125-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.08.018. Epub 2016 Aug 26.Review.
• 22)Barazani Y, Agarwal A, Sabanegh ES, Functional sperm testing and the role of proteomics in the evaluation of male infertility, Urology. 2014 Aug;84(2):255-61. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.04.043.