Relationship of socioeconomic status and oral-dental health in the Southeastern Anatolia

Abstract

Aim: Oral and dental health is affected by many factors such as general health status, socioeconomic status.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of socioeconomic status on DMFT and oral hygiene habits of patients. Material and Method: 400 patients who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry for dental treatments were asked to fill in a questionnaire to reflect their oral hygiene habits along with their descriptive information and socioeconomic status. Clinical and radiological examinations of the patients were made, and the value of the DMFT index was determined for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney U and Chi-Square tests. Results: According to our study, the education status, monthly income and frequency of tooth brushing affect the DMFT index value statistically significantly (p <0.05). Although 69.6% of those participating in the study are young people aged 35 and under, 46.3% do not work at any job; 84.2% of them can reach a monthly income of 4001 TL or less per month. In addition, 65.8% of the people participating in the survey think that their economic status affects oral and dental health. Those with the lowest monthly income have the highest DMFT confirms the opinion of the participants. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, in which we found that the disadvantaged socioeconomic situation had a negative impact on oral and dental health, we think that this situation can be improved with social state practices such as fluoride prophylaxis, distribution of oral hygiene equipment.

Keywords

• Oral-dental health
• Socioeconomic status
• DMFT

References

1. Broadbent ve diğerleri, 2008] (Broadbent JM, Thomson WM, Poulton R: Trajectory patterns of dental caries experience in the permanent dentition to the fourth decade of life. J Dent Res 2008; 87: 69–72.
2. Glockmann E, Panzner K, Huhn P, Sigusch B, Glockmann K. Ursachen des Zahnverlustes in Deutschland—Dokumentation einer bundesweiten Erhebung (2007) [Reasons for tooth loss in Germany—documentation of a nationwide survey (2007)]. Köln (Germany): IDZ-Information, Institute of German Dentists (IDZ) 2011
3. WHO. Non-Communicable Diseases and Their Risk Factors, 2018. Available at:  https: //www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-healt. [accessed September 24, 2018].
4. Antunes J, Frazão P, Narvai P, Bispo C, Pegoretti T. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in assessing dental health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2010; 7: 2423–36.
5. Jin LJ, Lamster IB, Greenspan JS, Pitts NB, Scully C, Warnakulasuriya S. Global burden of oral diseases: Emerging concepts, management and interplay with systemic health. Oral Dis 2016; 22: 609-19.
6. Linden GJ, Lyons A, Scannapieco FA. Periodontal systemic associations: Review of the evidence. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40: 8-19.
7. Park J.B, Han K, Park YG, Ko Y. Association between socioeconomic status and oral health behaviors: The 2008-2010 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12: 2657-64.
8. Matthews KA, Gallo LC. Psychological perspectives on pathways linking socioeconomic status and physical health. Annu Rev Psychol 2011; 62: 501–30.

9. Kumar N, Gupta N, Kishore J. Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic scale: Updating income ranges for the year 2012. Indian J Public Health 2012; 56: 103–4.
10. Broadbent JM, Thomson WM. For debate: problems with the DMF index pertinent to dental caries data analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2005; 33: 400-9.
11. Steele J, Shen J, Tsakos G, et al. The Interplay between Socioeconomic Inequalities and Clinical Oral Health. J Dent Res 2015; 94: 19–26.
12. Thomson WM: Social inequality in oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: S28–S32.
13. Ireland Capital & Health Survey. (2000). A Report on the allIreland capital & health survey: Inequalities in perceived health. Erişim: 28.01.2006. http: //www.publichealth.ie
14. Rupasree Gundala, Vijay K. Chava. Effect of lifestyle, education and socioeconomic status on periodontal health: Contemp Clin Dent 2010; 1: 23–6.
15. Astrom AN, Haugejorden O, Skaret E, Trovik TA, Klock KS. Oral Impacts on daily performance in norwegian adults: The influence of age, number of missing teeth, and socio-demographic factors. Eur J Oral Sci 2006; 114: 115–21.
16. Wennstrom A, Ahlqwist M, Stenman U, Bjorkelund C, Hakeberg M. Trends in tooth loss in relation to socio-economic status among Swedish women, aged 38 and 50 years: Repeated cross-sectional surveys 1968-2004. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13: 632013.
17. Daly, GC. Prescribing good oral hygiene for adults. Aust Prescr, 2009 Jun; 32: 72-5. Available from: http: //www.australianprescriber.com/magazine/32/3/72/5/.
18. Komal Yadav K. Consumer behaviour in relation to toothbrush marketing: a study on Jaipur District 2015 AIJRA Vol.II Issue III. ISSN 2455-5967.
19. Trzcionka A, Twardawa H, Mocny-Pachońska K, Tanasiewicz M. Oral cavity status of long-term hemodialized patients vs. their socio-economic status. Med Pr 2020; 71: 279-88.
20. Sharma G, Oberoi SS, Oberoi A. A cross-sectional survey to assess the effect of socioeconomic status on the oral hygiene habits J Indian Soc Periodontal 2016; 20: 531–42.
21. Singh A, Rouxel P, Watt R.G and Tsakos G: Social inequalities in clustering of oral health related behaviors in a national sample of British adults. Prev Med 2013; 57: 102–6.
22. Hooley M, Skouteris H, Boganin C, Satur J, Kilpatrick N. Body mass index and dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review of literature published 2004 to 2011. Syst Rev 2012; 1: e1520.
23. Elger W, Kiess W, Körner A, Schrock A, Vogel M, Hirsch C. Influence of overweight/obesity, socioeconomic status, and oral hygiene on caries in primary dentition. J Investig Clin Dent 2019; 10: e12394.
24. Rani S, Singh A, Virdi MS, Mehta LK. Impact of socioeconomic status on oral health and oral health practices among preschool children. J Adv Med Dent Sci Res 2017; 5.
25. Salama Aml A, Konsowa Eslam M, Alkalash Safa H. Mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding their primary school children’s oral hygiene. Menoufia Med J 2020; 33: 11–7.
26. Bali RK, Mathur VB, Talwar PP, Chanana HB. National Oral Health Survey and Fluoride Mapping 2002-2003 India. 1st ed. New Delhi: Dental Council of India and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2004. 
27. Touger-Decker R, Mobley C. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Oral health and nutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113: 693–701. 
28. Marchesan JT, Byrd KM, Moss K, et al. Flossing is associated with improved oral health in older adults. J Dent Res 2020; 99: 1047–53.
29. Neamatollahi H, Ebrahimi M. Oral health behavior and its determinants in a group of Iranian students. Indian J Dent Res 2010; 21: 84-8.