Do we know the normal anterior-posterior diameters of the spinal cord and canal in newborns?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 456 - 461, 27.03.2023

Öner Özbey Fatma Zeynep Arslan Muslu Kazım Körez Müge Payaslı

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1215575

Öz

Aim: We aim to reveal the normal anterior-posterior diameter of the spinal cord and canal at cervical, thoracic and lumbar levels in newborn with sonographic measurements and to create a reference value. Also, we aim to reveal whether the anterior-posterior diameter at these levels will vary with the newborn's head circumference, gender, height and weight. Thus, we aim to be one of the pioneering studies in the literature
Material and Method: Statistical analysis was performed to determine normal anterior-posterior diameter for the spinal canal and spinal cord at each vertebral level, and their correlations with birth weight, length and head circumference.
Results: 188 newborns were included. The mean anteroposterior spinal canal diameter in male newborns was significantly higher compared to females (9.27±0.83 vs 9.00±0.79, p=.020). There was a positive correlation between spinal cord anterior-posterior diameter and head circumference at thoracic level, which was statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between spinal canal diameter and height at thoracic level. There was a positive correlation between spinal canal diameter and weight at lumbar level.
Conclusion: The establishment of the normal values for anterior-posterior diameters of the spinal cord in healthy newborns may contribute the current literature data.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spinal canal, Diameter, infants, neonates, spine ultrasound

Kaynakça

• Orman G, Tijssen MPM, Seyfert D, Gassner I, Huisman TAGM. Ultrasound to evaluate neonatal spinal dysraphism: a first-line alternative to CT and MRI. J Neuroimaging 2019; 29: 553-64.
• Valente I, Pedicelli A, Piacentini M, et al. Spinal cord ultrasonography of the newborn. J Ultrasound 2019; 22: 113-9.
• Singh G, True AJ, Lui CC, Prasanna P, et al. Normal anterior-posterior diameters of the spinal cord and spinal canal in healthy term newborns on sonography. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51: 622-7.
• d'Amato C. Pediatric spinal trauma: injuries in very young children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005; 432: 34-40.
• Reynolds R. Pediatric spinal injury. Curr Opin Pediatr 2000; 12: 67-71.
• Jones TM, Anderson PA, Noonan KJ. Pediatric cervical spine trauma. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011; 19: 600-11.
• Launay F, Leet AI, Sponseller PD. Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality: a meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005; 433: 166-70.
• Knox J, Schneider J, Wimberly RL, Riccio AI. Characteristics of spinal injuries secondary to nonaccidental trauma. J Pediatr Orthop 2014; 344: 376-81.
• van Den Hauwe L, Sundgren PC, Flanders AE. Spinal Trauma and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). In: Hodler J, Kubik-Huch RA, von Schulthess GK, eds. Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine 2020–2023: Diagnostic Imaging. Cham (CH): Springer; February 15, 2020.231-240.
• Unsinn KM, Geley T, Freund MC, Gassner I. US of the spinal cord in newborns: spectrum of normal findings, variants, congenital anomalies, and acquired diseases. Radiographics 2000; 20: 923-38.
• McAllister AS, Nagaraj U, Radhakrishnan R. Emergent imaging of pediatric cervical spine trauma. Radiographics 2019; 39: 1126-42.
• Riccabona M. Neonatal neurosonography. Eur J Radiol 2014; 83: 1495-506.
• Horst KK, Leschied JR, Janitz EM . Neonatal neurosonography practices: a survey of active Society for Pediatric Radiology members. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53: 112-20.
• Kim W, Lee BS, Kim O, Yun H. Characteristics of pediatric spinal cord injury in South Korea: a single-centered study. Ann Rehabil Med 2022; 46: 248-55.
• Farrell CA, Hannon M, Lee LK. Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in the era of advanced imaging. Curr Opin Pediatr 2017; 29: 286-90.