The relationship between cognitive function and physical activity, functional status and social participation in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 5, 518 - 523, 27.09.2024

Hayri Aktaş , Gökçe Yağmur Güneş Gencer

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1526175

Öz

Aims: Cognitive function in older adults has been a topic of growing interest in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and physical activity, functional status, and social participation in older adults.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 123 older adults aged 65 years and older who met the study’s inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for the study were as follows: who were aged 65 years or older, literate, volunteering to participate in the study, had no hearing or vision defects that prevented the measurement of the scales used in the study, had no chronic disease that prevented the scales used in the study. The data in the study were collected with sociodemographic form, Montreal cognitive assessment, international physical activity questionnaire, timed-up-and-go test, 10-meter walk test, and Keele assessment of participation.
Results: The average age of the participants was 69.5±4.6. The study included 46.3% women and, 57.7% primary school graduates. A positive and moderate relationship was found between cognitive functions and physical activity level, functional status, and social participation in older adults. Additionally, there was a moderate positive relationship found between the level of physical activity, functional status, and social participation. In the cognitive function risk model, it was found that age, education level, and social participation significantly impact cognitive functions in older adults.
Conclusion: Increasing physical activity, functionality, and especially social participation in older adults can be considered an important intervention to protect and improve the cognitive functions of older adults.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aged, cognitive function, physical activity, social participation

Kaynakça

• Kirk-Sanchez NJ, McGough EL. Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: current perspectives. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:51-62. doi:10.2147/cia.S39506
• Evans IEM, Llewellyn DJ, Matthews FE, Woods RT, Brayne C, Clare L. Social isolation, cognitive reserve, and cognition in healthy older people. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201008. doi:10. 1371/journal.pone.0201008
• Erickson KI, Hillman C, Stillman CM, et al. Physical activity, cognition, and brain outcomes: a review of the 2018 physical activity guidelines. Med Sci Sport Exercise. 2019;51(6):1242-1251. doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001936
• Xu L, Gu H, Cai X, et al. The effects of exercise for cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(2):1088. doi:10.3390/ijerph20021088
• Ramnath U, Rauch L, Lambert EV, Kolbe-Alexander TL. The relationship between functional status, physical fitness and cognitive performance in physically active older adults: a pilot study. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0194918. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0194918
• Bourassa KJ, Memel M, Woolverton C, Sbarra DA. Social participation predicts cognitive functioning in aging adults over time: comparisons with physical health, depression, and physical activity. Aging Ment Health. 2017;21(2):133-146. doi:1.1080/ 13607863.2015.1081152
• Sommerlad A, Kivimäki M, Larson EB, et al. Social participation and risk of developing dementia. Nature Aging. 2023;3(5):532-545. doi:10.1038/s43587-023-00387-0
• Duffner LA, Deckers K, Cadar D, Steptoe A, de Vugt M, Köhler S. The role of cognitive and social leisure activities in dementia risk: assessing longitudinal associations of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2022;31:e5. doi:10.1017/s204579602100069x
• Ozdilek B, Kenangil G. Validation of the Turkish version of the montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA-TR) in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;28(2):333-343.
• Selekler K, Cangöz B, Sait U. Power of discrimination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) Scale in Turkish patients with mild cognitive impairement and Alzheimer’s disease. Turk J Geriatr. 2010;13(3):166-171.
• Kaya Y, Aki OE, Can UA, Derle E, Kibaroğlu S, Barak A. Validation of montreal cognitive assessment and discriminant power of montreal cognitive assessment subtests in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer dementia in Turkish population. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2014;27(2):103-109. doi:10.1177/0891988714522701
• Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-1395. doi:10.1249/01.Mss. 0000078924.61453.Fb
• Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-284. doi:10.2466/06.08.Pms. 111.4.278-284
• Lin MR, Hwang HF, Hu MH, Wu HDI, Wang YW, Huang F-C. Psychometric comparisons of the timed up and go, one-leg stand, functional reach, and tinetti balance measures in community-dwelling older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(8):1343-1348. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52366.x
• Shubert TE, Schrodt LA, Mercer VS, Busby-Whitehead J, Giuliani CA. Are scores on balance screening tests associated with mobility in older adults? J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2006;29(1):35-39.
• Wilkie R, Peat G, Thomas E, Croft P. The prevalence of person-perceived participation restriction in community-dwelling older adults. Quality Life Res. 2006;15:1471-1479.
• Gürsan K, Bayar K. Adaptation of the Keele assessment of participation into Turkish: validity and reliability studies. Sakarya Üni Holistik Sağ Derg. 2022;5(3):218-233. doi:10.54803/sauhsd.995688
• Gu H, Yao X, Diao C, et al. Global cognitive function is associated with sex, educational level, occupation type, and speech recognition rate in older Chinese adults: a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):947. doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03603-5
• Liu W, Wu Y, Bai L, et al. Sex differences in the prevalence of and risk factors for nonvascular cognitive function in rural, low-income elderly in Tianjin, China. Neuroepidemiology. 2018;51(3-4):138-148. doi:10.1159/000490496
• Zajacova A, Lawrence EM. The relationship between education and health: reducing disparities through a contextual approach. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018;39:273-289. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044628
• Barba C, Garcia A, Clay OJ, et al. Quality of education and late-life cognitive function in a population-based sample from Puerto Rico. Innov Aging. 2021;5(2):igab016. doi:10.1093/geroni/igab016
• Gamaldo AA, Sardina AL, Corona RT, Willingham K, Migoyo RV, Andel RA. The association between educational parameters and a cognitive screening measure in older blacks. Int Psychogeriatr. 2018;30(3):311-322. doi:10.1017/s1041610217001107
• Zhang W, Tang F, Chen Y, Silverstein M, Liu S, Dong X. Education, activity engagement, and cognitive function in US Chinese older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(S3):S525-s531. doi:10.1111/jgs.15560
• Erickson KI, Hillman CH, Kramer AF. Physical activity, brain, and cognition. Curr Opinion Behavioral Sci. 2015;4:27-32.
• Pettersson AF, Wahlund LO, Bronge L, et al. Physical activity level in people with age related white matter changes correlates to better motor performance, lower comorbidity and higher cognitive level. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):142. doi:10.1186/s12877-017-0535-z
• Innocenti A, Cammisuli DM, Sgromo D, et al. Lifestyle, physical activity and cognitive functions: the impact on the scores of montreal cognitive assessment (MoCa). Arch Ital Biol. 2017;155(1-2):25-32. doi:10.12871/000398292017123
• Song R, Fan X, Seo J. Physical and cognitive function to explain the quality of life among older adults with cognitive impairment: exploring cognitive function as a mediator. BMC Psychology. 2023;11(1):51. doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01087-5
• Melo LM, Ansai JH, Ferreira A, et al. Correlation between changes in timed up and go performance and cognition in older people with mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2022;94:105620. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105620
• Liao YH, Kao TW, Peng TC, Chang YW. Gender differences in the association between physical activity and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling elders. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(4):901-908. doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01597-x
• Fu C, Li Z, Mao Z. Association between social activities and cognitive function among the elderly in China: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(2):231. doi:10. 3390/ijerph15020231
• Hwang J, Park S, Kim S. Effects of participation in social activities on cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(10):2315. doi:10. 3390/ijerph15102315
• Chen C, Tian Y, Ni L, Xu Q, Hu Y, Peng B. The influence of social participation and depressive symptoms on cognition among middle-aged and older adults. Heliyon. 2024;10(2):e24110. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24110