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Mega Spor Etkinliklerinde Spor Mirası Konseptinin Gerekliliği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 66 - 73, 01.08.2019

Öz

Mega Spor Etkinliklerine ev sahipliği yapan şehirlerin deneyimlediği bütçe aşımları ile etkinlik için inşa edilen dev tesislerin işletme maliyetleri oyunların geleceğini ciddi bir şekilde tehdit etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, ülkemizin gelecekte ev sahipliği yapacağı mega etkinliklerinin spor mirası stratejilerini uzun vadeli bir bakış açısıyla bütünleştirmek mümkün olabilir. Bu nedenle araştırma, spor mirası konseptinin bileşenlerini ve bu mirasın sürdürebilirlik stratejilerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda spor mirası konseptinin ekonomik etkiler, kentsel dönüşüm, çevrenin korunması, turizm, şehir pazarlaması ve marka kimliği, sportif gelişme ile sosyal ve kültürel etkileri içeren altı bileşeni olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Mega Spor Etkinliklerine ev sahipliği yapacak şehirler ancak spor mirası konsepti öğelerini bütüncül bir yapıyla ele aldıklarında etkinliklerin sona ermesinden sonra ortaya çıkabilecek sorunları minimize edebilirler

Kaynakça

  • Allen, J., O’Toole, W., McDonnell, I. ve Harris, R. (2002). Festival and Special Event Management. Queensland, Australia: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Brown, A. ve Massey, J. (2001) The Sports Development Impact of the Manchester 2002 Commonwealth Games. Initial Baseline Re-search, UK Sport.
  • Cashman, R. (2006). Olympic Legacy: The Bitter-Sweet Awakening, Sydney. Walla Walla Press.
  • Chen, Y. (2015). Legacy creation strategy in Olympic cities. Internation-al Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 3(1), 74-87.
  • Coaffee, J. (2011) Strategic security planning and the resilient design of Olympic sites, Terrorism and the Olympics: Major event security and lessons for the future içinde (ss. 118-132), Routledge, London.
  • Cochrane, A. Peck, J. ve Tickell, A (1996). Manchester plays games: exploring the local politics of globalisation. Urban Studies, 33 (8): 1319-1336.
  • Daothong, J. and Stubbs, D. (2014). London 2012 legacy: creating a more sustainable future for London and beyond. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering, 167(6), 3–12.
  • Essex, S. ve Chalkley, B. (1998). Olympic Games: catalyst of urban change. Leisure Studies, 17(3), 187–206.
  • Flyvbjerg, B., ve A. Stewart (2012). Olympic proportions: Cost and cost overrun at the Olympics 1960–2012. Oxford: Said Business School.
  • Getz, D. (1997). Event Management and Tourism. New York, Cognizant.
  • Gold, J. R. ve Gold, M. M. (2011). Introduction. (Der.), J. R. Gold ve M. M. Gold, Olympic cities: City agendas, planning, and the World’s Games içinde (ss. 1–16). London: Routledge.
  • Gold, J. R. ve Gold, M. M. (2008). Olympic cities: Regeneration, city rebranding and changing urban agendas. Geography Compass, 2, 300–318.
  • Gratton, C. ve Henry, I. P. (2016). Sport in the city: The role of sport in economic and social regeneration. London: Routledge.
  • Gratton, C., Dobson, N. ve Shibli, S. (2000). The economic importance of major sports events: a case-study of six events. Managing Lei-sure, 5(1), 17–28.
  • Gratton, C., Preuss, H. ve Liu, D. (2015). The positive legacies of the Olympic games in Beijing 2008. (Der.) R. Holt, & D. Ruta, The Routledge Companion to Sport and Legacy içinde (pp. 46-58), London: Routledge.
  • Gratton, C., Shibli, S. ve Coleman, R. (2005). Sport and economic regeneration in cities. Urban Studies, 42(5-6), 985–999.
  • Higham, J. (1999). Sport as an avenue of tourism development: an analysis of the positive and negative impacts of sport tourism. Cur-rent Issues in Tourism, 2(1), 82-90.
  • Hiller, H. (2000). Mega-events, urban boosterism and growth strategies: an analysis of the objectives and legitimations of the cape town 2004 olympic bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Affairs, 24 (2), pp. 439-458.
  • Huijuan, C., Fujii, H. and Managi, S. (2013). Environmental Impact of the 2008Beijing Olympic Games. Economics Discussion Papers, No 2013-30, Kiel Institute for the World Economy. H
  • Jago, L, Chalip, L, Brown, G, Mules, T and Ali, S. (2003). Building events into destination branding: Insights from experts. Event Management, 8: 3-14.
  • Kaplanidou, K. ve Karadakis, K. (2010). Understanding the legacies of a host Olympic city: The case of the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 19, 110–117.
  • Kasimati, E. (2015). Post-Olympic use of the Olympic venues: The case of Greece. Athens Journal of Sports, 167-184.
  • Kassens-Noor, E. (2012). Planning Olympic legacies: Transport dreams and urban realities. London: Routledge.
  • Kassens-Noor, E. (2013). Transport Legacy of the Olympic Games, 1992–2012. Journal of Urban Affairs, 35(4), 393-416.
  • Kennett, C. ve Moragas, M. (2006). Barcelona 1992: Evaluating the Olympic Legacy, (Der.) A. Tomlinson and C. Young, National Iden-tity and Global Sports Events: Culture, Politics, and Spectacle in the Olympics and the Football World Cup içinde (ss. 177-195), New York: State University of New York Press. Masterman, G. (2014). Management. Taylor & Francis Ltd. Strategic Sports Event
  • McCartney, G., Thomas, S., Thomson, H., Scott, J. Hamilton, Hanlon, P. (2010). The health and socioeconomic impacts of major multi-sport events: a systematic review. British Medical Journal, 340, c2369.
  • Millls, B. M., ve Rosentraub, M. S. (2013). Hosting mega-events: A guide to the evaluation of development effects in integrated metro-politan regions. Tourism Management, 34, 238–246.
  • Müller, M. (2015). What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes. Leisure Studies, 34(6), 627- 642.
  • Nicholls, A. (2014). London 2012 legacy: Olympic park waterways. Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers. Civil Engineering, 167(6), 40–45.
  • O’Connor, A. (2013). A conceptual framework for entrepreneurship government and economic purposes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(4), 546–563. Meeting
  • Okada, I ve Greyser S. A. (2018). After the carnival: key factors to enhance olympic legacy and prevent olympic sites from becoming white elephants. Harvard Business School Working Knowledge. Boston – 2018.
  • Olympics.org, (2017). Olympic Games Rio 2016 - social legacy https://www.olympic.org/news/olympic-games-rio- 2016-social-legacy adresinden elde edildi. tarihinde
  • Pantelia, A. (2016, August 11). The Olympic venues of Athens: A story of refuge and decay. Newsweek. 10 Ağustos http://www.newsweek.com/greece-refugee-crisis- olympic-games-rio-2016-athens-489499 adresinden elde edildi.. tarihinde
  • Preuss, H. (2004). The Economics of Staging the Olympics. A Compari-son of the Games 1972- 2008, Cheltenham, Glos: Edward Elgar.
  • Preuss, H., Seguin, B., ve O’Reilly, N. (2007). Profiling major Commonwealth Games. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 12, 5–23. visitors: The 2002
  • Quinn, B. (2013). Arts festivals, tourism, cities, urban policy. (Der.) D. Stevenson & A. Matthews içinde (ss. 69–84). Oxon: Routledge.
  • Reis, A. C., Frawley, S., Hodgetts, D., Thomson, A., ve Hughes, K. (2017). Sport Participation Legacy and the Olympic Games: The Case of Sydney 2000, London 2012, and Rio 2016. Event Man-agement, 21(2), 139–158.
  • Roche M. (2000). Mega Events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture, Routledge, London.
  • Santos Neto, S.C., Cardoso, V.D., Santos, T., Oliveira, A.F.S., Tere-zani, D.R. ve Haiachi, M.C. (2018). Rio 2016 Olympics: Urban re-generation and social legacy. Journal of Human Sport and Exer- cise, 13(1),116-S133.
  • Spilling, O. (2000). Beyond intermezzo? On the long- term industrial impacts of mega-events – the case of Lillehammer 1994. (Der.) Mossberg, L. Evaluation of Events: Scandinavian Experiences içinde. New York, Cognizant.
  • Stevens, A. (2008). Ever Greener Games. Sport Business International. 137, pp. 3637.
  • Tallon, A. (2013). Urban regeneration in the UK. London: Routledge.
  • Weed, M. (2014). Sports Mega-Events and Mass Participation in Sport. Leveraging Legacies from Sports Mega-Events, 39-49.
  • Westerbeek, H, Turner, P and Ingesson, L. (2002) Key success factors in bidding for hallmark sporting events, International Marketing Review, 19 (2/3): 303-323.
  • www.maraton.istanbul (2019). Sonuçlar, https://www.maraton.istanbul/kopyasi-sonuclar-1 adresinden elde edildi.
  • Zhao, S. X., Ching, J. L., He, Y., & Chan, N. Y. M. (2016). Playing games and leveraging on land: unfolding the beijing olympics and china’s mega- event urbanization model. Journal of Contemporary China, 26(105), 465–487.
  • Zimbalist, A. (2011). Brazil’s long to-do list. Americas Quarterly, Sum-mer, 56-62.

Necessity of the Legacy Concept in the Mega Sport Event

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 66 - 73, 01.08.2019

Öz

The budget overruns experienced by the cities hosting the Mega Sports Events and the operating costs of the giant facilities built for the event are seriously threatening the future of the games. In this context, it may be possible to integrate the sports legacy strategies of the mega events that our country will host in the future with a long-term perspective. Therefore, the research aims to identify the components of the sport heritage concept and its sustainability strategies. As a result of the literature review, it has been determined that the concept of sports heritage has six compo-nents including economic impacts, urban regeneration, environmental development, tourism, city marketing and brand identity, sports-development and social and cul-tural impacts. In conclusion, cities that will host Mega Sports Events can only mini-mize the problems that may arise after the end of the events when they handle sports heritage concept elements with a holistic structure

Kaynakça

  • Allen, J., O’Toole, W., McDonnell, I. ve Harris, R. (2002). Festival and Special Event Management. Queensland, Australia: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Brown, A. ve Massey, J. (2001) The Sports Development Impact of the Manchester 2002 Commonwealth Games. Initial Baseline Re-search, UK Sport.
  • Cashman, R. (2006). Olympic Legacy: The Bitter-Sweet Awakening, Sydney. Walla Walla Press.
  • Chen, Y. (2015). Legacy creation strategy in Olympic cities. Internation-al Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 3(1), 74-87.
  • Coaffee, J. (2011) Strategic security planning and the resilient design of Olympic sites, Terrorism and the Olympics: Major event security and lessons for the future içinde (ss. 118-132), Routledge, London.
  • Cochrane, A. Peck, J. ve Tickell, A (1996). Manchester plays games: exploring the local politics of globalisation. Urban Studies, 33 (8): 1319-1336.
  • Daothong, J. and Stubbs, D. (2014). London 2012 legacy: creating a more sustainable future for London and beyond. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering, 167(6), 3–12.
  • Essex, S. ve Chalkley, B. (1998). Olympic Games: catalyst of urban change. Leisure Studies, 17(3), 187–206.
  • Flyvbjerg, B., ve A. Stewart (2012). Olympic proportions: Cost and cost overrun at the Olympics 1960–2012. Oxford: Said Business School.
  • Getz, D. (1997). Event Management and Tourism. New York, Cognizant.
  • Gold, J. R. ve Gold, M. M. (2011). Introduction. (Der.), J. R. Gold ve M. M. Gold, Olympic cities: City agendas, planning, and the World’s Games içinde (ss. 1–16). London: Routledge.
  • Gold, J. R. ve Gold, M. M. (2008). Olympic cities: Regeneration, city rebranding and changing urban agendas. Geography Compass, 2, 300–318.
  • Gratton, C. ve Henry, I. P. (2016). Sport in the city: The role of sport in economic and social regeneration. London: Routledge.
  • Gratton, C., Dobson, N. ve Shibli, S. (2000). The economic importance of major sports events: a case-study of six events. Managing Lei-sure, 5(1), 17–28.
  • Gratton, C., Preuss, H. ve Liu, D. (2015). The positive legacies of the Olympic games in Beijing 2008. (Der.) R. Holt, & D. Ruta, The Routledge Companion to Sport and Legacy içinde (pp. 46-58), London: Routledge.
  • Gratton, C., Shibli, S. ve Coleman, R. (2005). Sport and economic regeneration in cities. Urban Studies, 42(5-6), 985–999.
  • Higham, J. (1999). Sport as an avenue of tourism development: an analysis of the positive and negative impacts of sport tourism. Cur-rent Issues in Tourism, 2(1), 82-90.
  • Hiller, H. (2000). Mega-events, urban boosterism and growth strategies: an analysis of the objectives and legitimations of the cape town 2004 olympic bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Affairs, 24 (2), pp. 439-458.
  • Huijuan, C., Fujii, H. and Managi, S. (2013). Environmental Impact of the 2008Beijing Olympic Games. Economics Discussion Papers, No 2013-30, Kiel Institute for the World Economy. H
  • Jago, L, Chalip, L, Brown, G, Mules, T and Ali, S. (2003). Building events into destination branding: Insights from experts. Event Management, 8: 3-14.
  • Kaplanidou, K. ve Karadakis, K. (2010). Understanding the legacies of a host Olympic city: The case of the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 19, 110–117.
  • Kasimati, E. (2015). Post-Olympic use of the Olympic venues: The case of Greece. Athens Journal of Sports, 167-184.
  • Kassens-Noor, E. (2012). Planning Olympic legacies: Transport dreams and urban realities. London: Routledge.
  • Kassens-Noor, E. (2013). Transport Legacy of the Olympic Games, 1992–2012. Journal of Urban Affairs, 35(4), 393-416.
  • Kennett, C. ve Moragas, M. (2006). Barcelona 1992: Evaluating the Olympic Legacy, (Der.) A. Tomlinson and C. Young, National Iden-tity and Global Sports Events: Culture, Politics, and Spectacle in the Olympics and the Football World Cup içinde (ss. 177-195), New York: State University of New York Press. Masterman, G. (2014). Management. Taylor & Francis Ltd. Strategic Sports Event
  • McCartney, G., Thomas, S., Thomson, H., Scott, J. Hamilton, Hanlon, P. (2010). The health and socioeconomic impacts of major multi-sport events: a systematic review. British Medical Journal, 340, c2369.
  • Millls, B. M., ve Rosentraub, M. S. (2013). Hosting mega-events: A guide to the evaluation of development effects in integrated metro-politan regions. Tourism Management, 34, 238–246.
  • Müller, M. (2015). What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes. Leisure Studies, 34(6), 627- 642.
  • Nicholls, A. (2014). London 2012 legacy: Olympic park waterways. Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers. Civil Engineering, 167(6), 40–45.
  • O’Connor, A. (2013). A conceptual framework for entrepreneurship government and economic purposes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(4), 546–563. Meeting
  • Okada, I ve Greyser S. A. (2018). After the carnival: key factors to enhance olympic legacy and prevent olympic sites from becoming white elephants. Harvard Business School Working Knowledge. Boston – 2018.
  • Olympics.org, (2017). Olympic Games Rio 2016 - social legacy https://www.olympic.org/news/olympic-games-rio- 2016-social-legacy adresinden elde edildi. tarihinde
  • Pantelia, A. (2016, August 11). The Olympic venues of Athens: A story of refuge and decay. Newsweek. 10 Ağustos http://www.newsweek.com/greece-refugee-crisis- olympic-games-rio-2016-athens-489499 adresinden elde edildi.. tarihinde
  • Preuss, H. (2004). The Economics of Staging the Olympics. A Compari-son of the Games 1972- 2008, Cheltenham, Glos: Edward Elgar.
  • Preuss, H., Seguin, B., ve O’Reilly, N. (2007). Profiling major Commonwealth Games. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 12, 5–23. visitors: The 2002
  • Quinn, B. (2013). Arts festivals, tourism, cities, urban policy. (Der.) D. Stevenson & A. Matthews içinde (ss. 69–84). Oxon: Routledge.
  • Reis, A. C., Frawley, S., Hodgetts, D., Thomson, A., ve Hughes, K. (2017). Sport Participation Legacy and the Olympic Games: The Case of Sydney 2000, London 2012, and Rio 2016. Event Man-agement, 21(2), 139–158.
  • Roche M. (2000). Mega Events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture, Routledge, London.
  • Santos Neto, S.C., Cardoso, V.D., Santos, T., Oliveira, A.F.S., Tere-zani, D.R. ve Haiachi, M.C. (2018). Rio 2016 Olympics: Urban re-generation and social legacy. Journal of Human Sport and Exer- cise, 13(1),116-S133.
  • Spilling, O. (2000). Beyond intermezzo? On the long- term industrial impacts of mega-events – the case of Lillehammer 1994. (Der.) Mossberg, L. Evaluation of Events: Scandinavian Experiences içinde. New York, Cognizant.
  • Stevens, A. (2008). Ever Greener Games. Sport Business International. 137, pp. 3637.
  • Tallon, A. (2013). Urban regeneration in the UK. London: Routledge.
  • Weed, M. (2014). Sports Mega-Events and Mass Participation in Sport. Leveraging Legacies from Sports Mega-Events, 39-49.
  • Westerbeek, H, Turner, P and Ingesson, L. (2002) Key success factors in bidding for hallmark sporting events, International Marketing Review, 19 (2/3): 303-323.
  • www.maraton.istanbul (2019). Sonuçlar, https://www.maraton.istanbul/kopyasi-sonuclar-1 adresinden elde edildi.
  • Zhao, S. X., Ching, J. L., He, Y., & Chan, N. Y. M. (2016). Playing games and leveraging on land: unfolding the beijing olympics and china’s mega- event urbanization model. Journal of Contemporary China, 26(105), 465–487.
  • Zimbalist, A. (2011). Brazil’s long to-do list. Americas Quarterly, Sum-mer, 56-62.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Arif Çetin

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çetin, A. (2019). Mega Spor Etkinliklerinde Spor Mirası Konseptinin Gerekliliği. Sağlık Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 66-73.