An Overview to Reducing Environmental Impacts with Material Selection in Building Vertical Envelope and Discussion Material Selection Guidelines for Turkey

Yıl 2024, , 57 - 71, 30.06.2024

Kemal Ferit Çetintaş

https://doi.org/10.60093/jiciviltech.1497097

Öz

The inefficient use of resources, increased consumption of fossil fuels, urbanization, and the resultant rise in building production have significantly escalated the environmental impacts of buildings in recent years. Material selection and the consideration of the life-cycle performance of materials are fundamental to ensuring sustainability. A substantial portion of a building's environmental impact is attributed to the materials utilized in its construction. Numerous studies indicate that material selection profoundly affects energy consumption and environmental impacts. Various methods and models exist for material selection. This study systematically summarizes material selection approaches from different research studies and discusses their applicability in Turkey. The findings reveal that material selection is a complex issue that should be considered from a life-cycle perspective. Although developing a comprehensive material selection method is challenging, its implementation is constrained by factors such as lack of data and standards. Consequently, considering material selection criteria is not yet feasible for Turkey. Nonetheless, research in this field is ongoing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Building Material Selection, Life Cycle Assesment, Environmental Impact

Çevresel Etkilerin Azaltılması için Bina Düşey Kabuğundaki Malzemelerin Seçim Ölçütlerine Genel Bir Bakış ve Malzeme Seçim Ölçütlerinin Türkiye’de Uygulanabilirliğinin Tartışılması

Öz

Kaynakların verimsiz kullanılması, fosil yakıt tüketimindeki artış, kentleşme ve buna bağlı gerçekleşen bina üretimi binalardan kaynaklı çevresel etkilerin son yıllarda hızla artmasına neden olmuştur. Malzeme seçimi ve malzemelerin yaşam dönemi performansının dikkate alınması sürdürülebilirliği sağlamanın temel unsurlarından biridir. Binaların çevre üzerindeki büyük miktardaki etkisi, binada kullanılan yapı malzemelerine dayanmaktadır. Birçok çalışma malzeme seçiminin enerji tüketimi ve çevresel etkiler üzerinde büyük etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Farklı malzeme seçim yöntemleri ve modelleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı çalışmalardan sistematik bir yaklaşımla materyal seçim yaklaşımları özetlenmiş ve yaklaşımların Türkiye'de uygunlabilirliği ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, malzeme seçiminin karmaşık bir problem olduğunu ve malzeme seçiminin yaşam döngüsü perspektifinden ele alınması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Malzeme seçim yönteminin geliştirilmesi karmaşık bir sorun olmasıyla birlikte, uygulanması da bazı kısıtlardan dolayı sınırlı olarak gerçekleşebilmektedir. Malzeme seçim ölçütlerinin dikkate alınarak uygulanması Türkiye açısından veri veya standart eksikliği gibi nedenlerden dolayı henüz uygulanabilir değildir. Ancak bu alandaki çalışmaların devam ettiği bilinmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapı Malzemesi Seçimi, Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi, Çevresel Etki

Kaynakça

• Ajabli, H., Zoubir, A., Elotmani, R., Louzazni, M., Kandoussi, K., Daya, A. (2023). Review on Eco-friendly insulation material used for indoor comfort in building. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 185, 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113609
• Anik D., Boonstra, C., Mak, J. (1996) Handbook of Sustainable Building An Environmental Preference Method for Selection of Materials for Use in Construction and Refurbishment. USA: James & James Publishing
• Bjorn, B. (2009) The Ecology of Building Materials USA: Architectural Press Second Edition.
• British Standards. (2020). BS8210: Facilities maintenance management. Code of practice. England.
• Building Engineering Services Association (BESA) Standards. (2020). SFG20: Industry Standard for Building Maintenance. England
• Çamur, C. (2010). Environmental Evaluation of Thermal Insulation Materials By Life Cycle Assessment Methodology ‘in Turkish. Msc Thesis Gazi University Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Çetintaş, K. F. (2019). Bina Kabuğunda Form ve Malzeme Seçiminin Kabuğun Oluşum Enerjisi, Karbon Salımı Ve Maliyetine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. 14. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, İzmir, Türkiye.
• Haapio, A., Viitainemi, P. (2008) Environmental Effect of Structural Solutions and Building Materials to a Building. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 28, 587-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2008.02.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113847
• International Organization for Standardization. (2008). ISO 13790: Energy performance of buildings — Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling. England
• Kaya. U. (2010) Development of Design Alternatives For Sustainable External Wall System’ in Turkish Msc. Thesis I.T.U Institute of Science; Istanbul, Türkiye.
• Kibert, C.J., (2013) Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery, 3rd ed., Netherland: John Wiley.
• Kim, R., Tae, S., Roh, S. (2017) Development of low carbon durability design for green apartment buildings in South Korea. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77, 263-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.120
• Kim., J.J., Brenda, R. (1998) Introduction to sustainable design, USA, National Pollution Prevention Center for Higher Education Publishing
• Kim., J.J., Brenda, R. (1998) Qualities, use and examples of sustainable building material. USA, National Pollution Prevention Center for Higher Education Publishing.
• Kumar, V., Rico, M.L., Bergman, R.D., Nepal P., Poudyal, N.C. (2024). Environmental impact assessment of mass timber, structural steel, and reinforced concrete buildings based on the 2021 international building code provisions. Building and Environment, 251, 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111195
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) (2009) Material multi-attribute assessment, Retrived March, 2024 from https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthcar-6?return=/credits/new-construction/v2009
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) (2018) Low emitting materials Retrived December 2023 from https://www.usgbc.org/leedaddenda/10466
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) (2019) Building materials and reuse Retrived, December 2023, from https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction/v5-public-comment-1-36?view=language&return=/credits/New%20Construction/v5%20-%20Public%20Comment%201/Material%20&%20resources
• Liang, Y., Li, C., Liu, Z., Wang, X., Zeng, F., Yuan, X., Pan, Y. (2023). Decarbonization potentials of the embodied energy use and operational process in buildings: A review from the life-cycle perspective. Heliyo, 9, 2-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20190
• Mehta, H.S., Porwal, V. (2013), Green Building Construction for Sustainable Future. Civil and Environmental Research, 3(6), pp. 7–13, ISSN 2225-0514
• Monticelli, C., Ceconni, F.R., Pansa, G., Mainni, A.G. (2011). Influence of degradation and service life of construction materials on the embodied energy and the energy requirements of buildings. 12th International Confrence on Durability of Building Materials and Components April 12-15 2011 Porto – Portugal.
• Roodman D. M., Lessen, N. (1995) A Building revolution : how ecology and health concerns are transforming construction . World Watch Paper 124 World Watch Institute Report.
• Sam, K. (2012). Handbook of Green Building Design and Construction. Netherlands: Elsevier Publishing.
• Sommese, F., Badarnah, L., Ausiello, G. (2023). Smart materials for biomimetic building envelopes: current trends and potential applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 188, 113-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113847
• Thormark, C. (2006) The Effect of Material Choice on the Total Energy Need and Recycling Potential of a Building. Building and Environment, 41, 1019-1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.04.026
• Utama, A., Gheewala, S.H. (2006) Embodied energy of building envelopes and ıts ınfluence on cooling load in typical ındonesian middle class houses. The 2nd Joint International Conference on ‘Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE2006) 21-23 November 2006 Bangkok, Thailand
• Yeang, K. (2008) Ecodesign: A Manual for Ecological Design. USA: Wiley Press
• Zhou, Y., Ma, M., Tam, V., Le, K. N. (2023). Design variables affecting the environmental impacts of buildings: A critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 38, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.135921