Araştırma Makalesi
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Evaluating the Effect of Bicycle Traffic Increase on Intersection Performance by Simulation Methods

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 155 - 183, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.60093/jiciviltech.1655189

Öz

Sustainable transportation aims to reduce air pollution, noise, emissions, and economic losses by encouraging public transportation and micro-mobility vehicles instead of fossil-fueled private cars. In recent years, the growing interest in sustainable transportation modes such as bicycles has necessitated examining the impact of these mobility types on the current traffic flow. In this study, the effects of the increase in bicycle usage on vehicle traffic at the Serdivan Intersection, one of the four interconnected intersections in the Sakarya city center, were analyzed using the PTV VISSIM microsimulation software. The results showed that the increase in the number of bicycles during the morning hours affected traffic, but significant changes were observed when the number of bicycles increased fivefold. In the evening peak hours, this effect was observed at lower increase levels when bicycle traffic doubled. This study provides a practical framework for local governments to evaluate how the increase in vehicles such as bicycles can impact traffic flow and environmental effects in line with sustainable transportation goals.

Proje Numarası

103-2022

Kaynakça

  • Al-Ahmadi, H. M., Jamal, A., Reza, I., Assi, K. J., & Ahmed, S. A. (2019). Using microscopic simulation-based analysis to model driving behavior: A case study of Khobar-Dammam in Saudi Arabia, Sustainability, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113018
  • Bahmankhah, B., Fernandes, P., & Coelho, M. C. (2019). Cycling at intersections: a multi-objective assessment for traffic, emissions and safety, Transport, 34(3), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.8946
  • Beura, S. K., & Bhuyan, P. K. (2018). Quality of bicycle traffic management at urban road links and signalized ıntersections operating under mixed traffic conditions, Transportation Research Record, 2672(36), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118796350
  • Cabiroğlu, S., & Özden, A. (2021). Türkiye’de uzun bisiklet parkurlarının bisiklet kullanımına etkisinin incelenmesi, European Journal of Science and Technology (32), 850–857. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1042311
  • Chen, P. (2015). Built environment factors in explaining the automobile-involved bicycle crash frequencies: A spatial statistic approach, Safety Science, 79, 336–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.06.016
  • Cirit, F. (2014). Sürdürülebilir kentiçi ulaşım politikaları ve toplu taşıma sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Uzmanlık Tezi. T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Clark, R. O., & Mayhorn, C. B. (2022). Are roundabouts safer for pedestrians? Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 66(1), 1746–1750. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661059
  • Coşkun, K., & Esin, N. (2017). Kentlerde ulaşım dönüşümü: yeşil ulaşım altyapısı. 12. Ulaştırma Kongresi, Ulaşım Politikaları. Adana, Türkiye.
  • Daniels, S., Brijs, T., Nuyts, E., & Wets, G. (2010). Explaining variation in safety performance of roundabouts, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(2), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.019
  • Demircan, N., & Başgün, Ö. F. (2023). Ulaşımda bisiklet kullanımı ve bisiklet yolu uygulama esaslarının incelenmesi: Elazığ örneği, Kent Akademisi, 16(2), 1265–1296. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1065327
  • Eryiğit, S. (2012). Sürdürülebilir ulaşımın sosyal boyutunda bisikletin yeri. Doktara Tezi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, Türkiye.
  • Grigoropoulos, G., Hosseini, S. A., Keler, A., Kaths, H., Spangler, M., Busch, F., & Bogenberger, K. (2021). Traffic simulation analysis of bicycle highways in urban areas, Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031016
  • Heineke, K., Kloss, B., Scurtu, D., & Weig, F. (2019, Jan 29). Micromobility’s 15,000-mile checkup. Retrieved Apr 15, 2025, from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/micromobilitys-15000-mile-checkup
  • Hollenstein, D., Hess, M., Jordan, D., & Bleisch, S. (2019). Investigating roundabout properties and bicycle accident occurrence at swiss roundabouts: A logistic regression approach, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8020095
  • Kalyoncuoğlu, C. (2017). Bisiklet öncelikli kavşak işletiminde yeni bir yaklaşım. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Kondo, M. C., Morrison, C., Guerra, E., Kaufman, E. J., & Wiebe, D. J. (2018). Where do bike lanes work best? A Bayesian spatial model of bicycle lanes and bicycle crashes, Safety Science, 103(March 2018), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.12.002
  • Kothuri, S., Kading, A., Schrope, A., White, K., Smaglik, E., Aguilar, C., & Gil, W. (2018). Addressing bicycle-vehicle conflicts with alternate signal control strategies (Report No. NITC-RR-897). Portland, OR: Transportation Research and Education Center. https://doi.org/10.15760/trec.194
  • Lovelace, R., Goodman, A., Aldred, R., Berkoff, N., Abbas, A., & Woodcock, J. (2017). The Propensity to Cycle Tool: An open source online system for sustainable transport planning, Journal of Transport and Land Use, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2016.862
  • Mok, S. J., Kim, E. C., & Heo, H. B. (2013). A study on efficient management of bicycle traffic flow at four-legged ıntersections, International Journal of Highway Engineering, 15(3), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.7855/ijhe.2013.15.3.177
  • Neves, A., & Brand, C. (2019). Assessing the potential for carbon emissions savings from replacing short car trips with walking and cycling using a mixed GPS-travel diary approach, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 123(May 2019), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.08.022
  • Ni, Y. C., Makridis, M., & Kouvelas, A. (2023). Investigating link- and network-level bicycle traffic flow characteristics using a microsimulation approach. hEART 2023: 11th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation, Zurich, Switzerland, 3525.
  • Özden, A., & Kurtuluş Kün, S. B. (2024). Türkiye’de bisiklet ve e-skuter altyapısının kentsel ulaşım bakımından değerlendirilmesi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(1), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2024.09633
  • Öztaşçi, D. D., Ünalan, G., & Ersoy, U. (2021). Başkent üniversitesi ile koru metrosu arasında bisiklet paylaşım sistemi kurulmasının fayda-maliyet analizi, Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi, 0(66), 107–137. https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2021-989630
  • Preston, A., & Pulugurtha, S. S. (2021). Simulating and assessing the effect of a protected intersection design for bicyclists on traffic operational performance and safety, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 9(March 2021), 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100329
  • Russo, B., Hurwitz, D., Kothuri, S., Smaglik, E., Scott-Deeter, L., Lemcke, D., & Yates, E. (2022). Impacts of intersection treatments and traffic characteristics on bicyclist safety (Report No. FHWA-OR-RD-23-02). Oregon Department of Transportation, Research Section. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/63551
  • Saplıoğlu, M., & Aydın, M. (2018). Choosing safe and suitable bicycle routes to integrate cycling and public transport systems, Journal of Transport & Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.05.011
  • Song, Z., Wang, H., Sun, J., & Tian, Y. (2020). Experimental findings with VISSIM and TransModeler for evaluating environmental and safety impacts using micro-simulations, Transportation Research Record, 2674(8), 566–580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120925077
  • TÜİK. (Feb 22, 2022). TÜİK nüfus verileri. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2021-45500
  • Vignali, V., Lamperti, R., Bichicchi, A., & Lantieri, C. (2016). Interaction between car drivers and vulnerable road users at roundabouts, MOJ Civil Engineering, 1(3), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojce.2016.01.00018
  • Vu, T., & Preston, J. (2022). A comparative economic assessment of urban transport infrastructure options in low- and middle-income countries, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 164, 38–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.07.019
  • Wierbos, M. J., Knoop, V. L., Goñi-Ros, B., & Hoogendoorn, S. P. (2020). The ınfluence of jam density and merging cyclists on the queue discharge rate, Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2020, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9272845

Bisiklet Trafiği Artışının Kavşak Performansına Etkisinin Simülasyon Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 155 - 183, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.60093/jiciviltech.1655189

Öz

Sürdürülebilir ulaşım, fosil yakıtlı özel araçlar yerine toplu taşıma ve mikrohareketlilik araçlarının kullanımını teşvik ederek hava kirliliği, gürültü, emisyon salınımı ve ekonomik kayıpların azaltılmasını hedeflemektedir. Son yıllarda, özellikle bisiklet gibi çevreci ulaşım araçlarına yönelik ilginin artması, bu hareketlilik türlerinin mevcut trafik akışı üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesini gerekli kılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Sakarya şehir merkezinde birbiriyle bağlantılı dört kavşaktan biri olan Serdivan Kavşağı’nda bisiklet trafiğindeki artışın motorlu araç trafiğine etkileri, mikrosimülasyon programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, sabah zirve saatlerinde bisiklet sayısındaki artışın trafik akışı üzerinde belirli ölçüde etkili olduğunu; ancak anlamlı performans değişimlerinin ancak bisiklet sayısının mevcut düzeyin 5 katına ulaşmasıyla gözlemlendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Akşam zirve saatlerinde ise benzer etkilerin, bisiklet trafiğinin yalnızca 2 kat artması durumunda ortaya çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, yerel yönetimlerin bisiklet kullanımındaki artışın trafik performansına olası etkilerini değerlendirebilmek adına örnek bir model sunmaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar tüm etik standartlara uyduklarını beyan ederler.

Proje Numarası

103-2022

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın maddi açıdan desteklenmesine olanak sağlayan Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Komisyon Başkanlığına (Proje No: 103-2022) teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Ahmadi, H. M., Jamal, A., Reza, I., Assi, K. J., & Ahmed, S. A. (2019). Using microscopic simulation-based analysis to model driving behavior: A case study of Khobar-Dammam in Saudi Arabia, Sustainability, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113018
  • Bahmankhah, B., Fernandes, P., & Coelho, M. C. (2019). Cycling at intersections: a multi-objective assessment for traffic, emissions and safety, Transport, 34(3), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.8946
  • Beura, S. K., & Bhuyan, P. K. (2018). Quality of bicycle traffic management at urban road links and signalized ıntersections operating under mixed traffic conditions, Transportation Research Record, 2672(36), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118796350
  • Cabiroğlu, S., & Özden, A. (2021). Türkiye’de uzun bisiklet parkurlarının bisiklet kullanımına etkisinin incelenmesi, European Journal of Science and Technology (32), 850–857. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1042311
  • Chen, P. (2015). Built environment factors in explaining the automobile-involved bicycle crash frequencies: A spatial statistic approach, Safety Science, 79, 336–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.06.016
  • Cirit, F. (2014). Sürdürülebilir kentiçi ulaşım politikaları ve toplu taşıma sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Uzmanlık Tezi. T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Clark, R. O., & Mayhorn, C. B. (2022). Are roundabouts safer for pedestrians? Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 66(1), 1746–1750. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661059
  • Coşkun, K., & Esin, N. (2017). Kentlerde ulaşım dönüşümü: yeşil ulaşım altyapısı. 12. Ulaştırma Kongresi, Ulaşım Politikaları. Adana, Türkiye.
  • Daniels, S., Brijs, T., Nuyts, E., & Wets, G. (2010). Explaining variation in safety performance of roundabouts, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(2), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.019
  • Demircan, N., & Başgün, Ö. F. (2023). Ulaşımda bisiklet kullanımı ve bisiklet yolu uygulama esaslarının incelenmesi: Elazığ örneği, Kent Akademisi, 16(2), 1265–1296. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1065327
  • Eryiğit, S. (2012). Sürdürülebilir ulaşımın sosyal boyutunda bisikletin yeri. Doktara Tezi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, Türkiye.
  • Grigoropoulos, G., Hosseini, S. A., Keler, A., Kaths, H., Spangler, M., Busch, F., & Bogenberger, K. (2021). Traffic simulation analysis of bicycle highways in urban areas, Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031016
  • Heineke, K., Kloss, B., Scurtu, D., & Weig, F. (2019, Jan 29). Micromobility’s 15,000-mile checkup. Retrieved Apr 15, 2025, from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/micromobilitys-15000-mile-checkup
  • Hollenstein, D., Hess, M., Jordan, D., & Bleisch, S. (2019). Investigating roundabout properties and bicycle accident occurrence at swiss roundabouts: A logistic regression approach, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8020095
  • Kalyoncuoğlu, C. (2017). Bisiklet öncelikli kavşak işletiminde yeni bir yaklaşım. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Kondo, M. C., Morrison, C., Guerra, E., Kaufman, E. J., & Wiebe, D. J. (2018). Where do bike lanes work best? A Bayesian spatial model of bicycle lanes and bicycle crashes, Safety Science, 103(March 2018), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.12.002
  • Kothuri, S., Kading, A., Schrope, A., White, K., Smaglik, E., Aguilar, C., & Gil, W. (2018). Addressing bicycle-vehicle conflicts with alternate signal control strategies (Report No. NITC-RR-897). Portland, OR: Transportation Research and Education Center. https://doi.org/10.15760/trec.194
  • Lovelace, R., Goodman, A., Aldred, R., Berkoff, N., Abbas, A., & Woodcock, J. (2017). The Propensity to Cycle Tool: An open source online system for sustainable transport planning, Journal of Transport and Land Use, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2016.862
  • Mok, S. J., Kim, E. C., & Heo, H. B. (2013). A study on efficient management of bicycle traffic flow at four-legged ıntersections, International Journal of Highway Engineering, 15(3), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.7855/ijhe.2013.15.3.177
  • Neves, A., & Brand, C. (2019). Assessing the potential for carbon emissions savings from replacing short car trips with walking and cycling using a mixed GPS-travel diary approach, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 123(May 2019), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.08.022
  • Ni, Y. C., Makridis, M., & Kouvelas, A. (2023). Investigating link- and network-level bicycle traffic flow characteristics using a microsimulation approach. hEART 2023: 11th Symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation, Zurich, Switzerland, 3525.
  • Özden, A., & Kurtuluş Kün, S. B. (2024). Türkiye’de bisiklet ve e-skuter altyapısının kentsel ulaşım bakımından değerlendirilmesi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(1), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2024.09633
  • Öztaşçi, D. D., Ünalan, G., & Ersoy, U. (2021). Başkent üniversitesi ile koru metrosu arasında bisiklet paylaşım sistemi kurulmasının fayda-maliyet analizi, Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi, 0(66), 107–137. https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2021-989630
  • Preston, A., & Pulugurtha, S. S. (2021). Simulating and assessing the effect of a protected intersection design for bicyclists on traffic operational performance and safety, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 9(March 2021), 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100329
  • Russo, B., Hurwitz, D., Kothuri, S., Smaglik, E., Scott-Deeter, L., Lemcke, D., & Yates, E. (2022). Impacts of intersection treatments and traffic characteristics on bicyclist safety (Report No. FHWA-OR-RD-23-02). Oregon Department of Transportation, Research Section. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/63551
  • Saplıoğlu, M., & Aydın, M. (2018). Choosing safe and suitable bicycle routes to integrate cycling and public transport systems, Journal of Transport & Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.05.011
  • Song, Z., Wang, H., Sun, J., & Tian, Y. (2020). Experimental findings with VISSIM and TransModeler for evaluating environmental and safety impacts using micro-simulations, Transportation Research Record, 2674(8), 566–580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120925077
  • TÜİK. (Feb 22, 2022). TÜİK nüfus verileri. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2021-45500
  • Vignali, V., Lamperti, R., Bichicchi, A., & Lantieri, C. (2016). Interaction between car drivers and vulnerable road users at roundabouts, MOJ Civil Engineering, 1(3), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojce.2016.01.00018
  • Vu, T., & Preston, J. (2022). A comparative economic assessment of urban transport infrastructure options in low- and middle-income countries, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 164, 38–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.07.019
  • Wierbos, M. J., Knoop, V. L., Goñi-Ros, B., & Hoogendoorn, S. P. (2020). The ınfluence of jam density and merging cyclists on the queue discharge rate, Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2020, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9272845
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ulaşım ve Trafik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Abdurrahman Korkmaz 0000-0002-0684-2941

Abdulkadir Özden 0000-0002-3657-890X

Proje Numarası 103-2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 5 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Korkmaz, A., & Özden, A. (2025). Bisiklet Trafiği Artışının Kavşak Performansına Etkisinin Simülasyon Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Innovations in Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(2), 155-183. https://doi.org/10.60093/jiciviltech.1655189