Sürdürülebilir Harç Üretiminde Mısır Koçanı ve Pirinç Kabuğu Küllerinin Birlikte Kullanımı

Öz

Atık malzemelerin çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine dair artan farkındalık, tarımsal ve endüstriyel yan ürünlerin sürdürülebilir malzeme üretiminde değerlendirilmesini atık yönetimi açısından giderek daha önemli bir strateji haline getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, mısır koçanı külü (CCA) ve pirinç kabuğu külü (RHA) çimento ile ağırlıkça kısmi olarak ikame edilerek sürdürülebilir harç üretimi geliştirilmesi araştırılmıştır. Üç aşamalı deneysel yaklaşım kapsamında (i) puzolanik aktivite değerlendirmesi, (ii) CCA–RHA karışım oranının optimizasyonu ve (iii) mekanik ve dayanıklılık performanslarının farklı çimento ikame oranlarında (ağırlıkça 5–20%) incelenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Basınç ve eğilme dayanımı testleri, XRD, TGA ve SEM analizleri ile yapılan değerlendirmelerde, 5–10% çimento ikame oranlarının en uygun performansı sağladığı görülmüştür. RHA erken yaşta puzolanik reaksiyonları hızlandırırken, CCA uzun vadeli dayanıklılığa katkı sağlamıştır. Mikroyapı analizleri, kalsiyum hidroksit (CH) içeriğinde azalma ve kalsiyum silikat hidrat (C-S-H) oluşumunda artış olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular, bitkisel kökenli atık küllerinin puzolanik potansiyele sahip olduğunu ve atık malzemelerin değerlendirilmesi yoluyla sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sunduğunu desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İkincil Bağlayıcı malzeme (SCM)
• Tarımsal Atık
• Mısır Koçanı Külü
• Pirinç Kabuğu Külü
• Puzolanik Aktivite

Blended Use of Corn Cob and Rice Husk Ashes in Sustainable Mortar Production

Abstract

The use of agricultural and industrial by-products in sustainable material production has become an increasingly attractive strategy for waste management with growing environmental awareness about the possible adverse effects of waste materials. Therefore, the partial replacement of cement by mass with corn cob ash (CCA) and rice husk ash (RHA) to develop sustainable mortar composites was investigated in this study. A three-phase experimental program was conducted, including (i) pozzolanic activity assessment, (ii) optimization of CCA–RHA mix ratio, and (iii) evaluation of mechanical and durability properties at various blended replacement levels (5–20% by mass). Key tests such as compressive and flexural strength, XRD, TGA, and SEM showed enhanced cementitious performance with 5–10% cement replacement. RHA accelerated early pozzolanic reactions, while CCA contributed to long-term durability. Microstructural analyses indicated reduced calcium hydroxide (CH) content and increased calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formation. Results show that blended agricultural ashes offer effective SCM potential and contribute to sustainability by utilizing waste materials.

Keywords

• Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM)
• Agricultural Waste
• Corn Cob Ash
• Rice Husk Ash
• Pozzolanic Activity

Kaynakça

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