Formulation of Mild Shampoos and Investigation of Possible Prebiotic Effects

Öz

Background: Recently, there has been a significant increase in the application of prebiotics in cosmetic products. Thus, this investigation aims to create two mild shampoo compositions, containing inulin; a distinguished prebiotic, and a reference shampoo. As a further step, the efficacy of formulations against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, as well as mixed cultures of these two bacteria, was assessed. Materials and Methods: After formulation development, physicochemical (physical appearance, pH, percentage of solid contents, viscosity, density and stability studies) and biological evaluations (challenge test, MIC (Minimum inhibition concentration), MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were carried out. Results: The results showed that the hair and body shampoo formulas displayed good stability and maintained their physicochemical properties under different conditions over time. Furthermore, they were microbiologically safe according to the challenge test and instrumental analysis. Microbial assays indicated that Shampoo-A promoted the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis while inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of prebiotic active, whereas Shampoo-B inhibited the growth of both bacteria. Conclusions: Although further research is required to declare the microbiome-related claims, the development of these products holds promise for positive effects on skin health and microbiome.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Shampoo
• inulin
• formulation
• skin microbiome

Kaynakça

1. Rademacher M, Zinn MK, Beinio R, et. al. A New Model to Investigate the Effects of Cosmetics on Skin Microorganisms In Vitro. Cosmetics. 2022 Aug 22;9(4):88. DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040088
2. Koh LF, Ong RY, Common JE. Skin microbiome of atopic dermatitis. Allergology International. 2022;71(1):31-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.11.001
3. Dréno B, Dagnelie MA, Khammari A, et al. The skin microbiome: a new actor in inflammatory acne. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2020 Sep;21(Suppl 1):18-24. DOI:10.1007/s40257-020-00531- 1
4. Daou H, Paradiso M, Hennessy K, et al. Rosacea and the microbiome: a systematic review. Dermatology and therapy. 2021 Feb;11:1-2. DOI: 10.1007/s13555-020- 00460-1
5. Dapkevicius I, Romualdo V, Marques AC, et al. Acne Vulgaris Topical Therapies: Application of Probiotics as a New Prevention Strategy. Cosmetics. 2023 May 11;10(3):77. DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10030077
6. Cheon S, Kim G, Bae JH, et al. Comparative analysis of prebiotic effects of four oligosaccharides using in vitro gut model: digestibility, microbiome, and metabolome changes. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 2023 Feb;99(2):fiad002. DOI: 10.1093/femsec/ fiad002
7. Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Bujak T, Wasilewski T, et al. Inulin as an effectiveness and safe ingredient in cosmetics. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology. 2019 Mar;21(1):44-9. DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2019-0008
8. ISO11930 (2019) Cosmetics — Microbiology — Evaluation of the antimicrobial protection of a cosmetic product. https://www.iso.org/ standard/75058.html

9. Wayne PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard, M07- A9, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 950. 2012