The Impact of Genetic Variants of Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE1, ACE2) On the Severity of COVID-19 Disease

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to explore whether there is a potential link between ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms and COVID-19 severity. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving 200 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 through polymerase chain reaction testing. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and genetic analyses of ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs2285666 genes were carried out using next-generation sequencing. Patients were classified into three groups based on disease severity: mild, moderate, and severe. Results: The average age of participants was 52 (±27) years, with 116 (58%) being male. Among them, 120 (60%) had at least one chronic illness, and one-fourth were smokers. Fifty-two (26%) patients with severe symptoms required intensive care, and 19 (9.5%) of these individuals unfortunately passed away. Meanwhile, the remaining 74% with mild or moderate symptoms were discharged after recovering. No statistically significant association was found between ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms and COVID-19 severity or mortality. Conclusion: The results indicate that ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms do not significantly impact the severity of COVID-19. Further studies including diverse ethnic groups and examining other polymorphisms are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of these genetic influences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ACE
• Clinical Severity
• COVID-19
• Genetic polymorphism

Anjiyotensin Dönüştürücü Enzimlerin (ACE1, ACE2) Genetik Varyantlarının COVID-19 Hastalığının Şiddeti Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, ACE1 I/D ve ACE2 rs2285666 polimorfizmleri ile COVID-19 şiddeti arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu yöntemi ile COVID-19 tanısı konulan 200 hasta üzerinde prospektif, gözlemsel olarak gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya alınan olguların demografik ve klinik verileri kaydedilerek, ACE1 I/D ve ACE2 rs2285666 genlerinin genetik analizleri, yeni nesil dizi yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Vakalar, hastalığın şiddetine göre hafif, orta ve ağır olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan olguların ortalama yaşı 52 (±27) yıl olup, 116'sı (%58) erkekti. Olguların 120'sinde (%60) en az bir kronik hastalık mevcutken, dörtte birinde düzenli sigara kullanımı vardı. Ağır klinik bulguları olan 52 hasta (%26) yoğun bakım servisinde tedavi edilirken ve bunların 19'u (%9,5) hayatını kaybetti. Kalan %74’lük hafif veya orta şiddette klinik semptomları olan olguların tümü iyileşerek taburcu edildi. Çalışmada ACE1 I/D ve ACE2 rs2285666 gen polimorfizmleri ile COVID-19 şiddeti veya ölüm oranı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamadı. Sonuç: Bulgular, ACE1 I/D ve ACE2 rs2285666 polimorfizmlerinin COVID-19 şiddetini etkilemediğini göstermektedir. Bu ilişkinin daha kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılabilmesi için, farklı etnik grupları içeren ve farklı polimorfizmleri araştıran daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ACE
• Klinik ağırlık
• COVİD-19
• Genetik polimorfizm

Kaynakça

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