Evaluation of Immunochromatographic Antibody Test Results in Patients with Prediagnosis of COVID-19

Öz

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that starts with pneumonia and causes a pandemic in a short time. Detection of nucleic acid belonging to SARS-CoV-2, which is the cause of COVID-19, by RT PCR is the gold standard in diagnosis. Antibody response develops after 7-11 days in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the role of immunochromatographic antibody tests in the diagnosis of COVID-19 was investigated.
Materials and Methods: The results of the samples sent to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory for COVID-19 antibody testing of patients hospitalized with suspected COVID-19 were evaluated retrospectively. After obtaining serum from blood samples, colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic lateral flow test method was used. Laboratory values and radiological findings found simultaneously with the demographic characteristics of the patients were also included in the study.
Results: COVID-19 antibody positivity was detected in 50 (51%) of 98 patients included in the study. Eighteen (64.2%) of 28 patients in the definitive diagnosis group with PCR positivity had COVID-19 antibody positivity. Despite PCR negativity, 32 (45.7%) of the 70 patients in the pre-diagnosis group who met the radiology findings had COVID-19 antibody positivity. Eighteen of the 50 patients whose antibodies were found to be positive were found to have positive PCR results. Thirty-two patients were evaluated radiologically in favor of COVID-19 despite PCR negativity.
Conclusions: The gold standard in the diagnosis of COVID-19 is the detection of viral nucleic acid. Serological tests can be used in epidemiology, immune response monitoring and detection of asymptomatic cases. Since the role of serology in the diagnosis cannot be fully clarified and the sensitivity and specificity rates of different kits and devices are available, various studies on this subject will shed light on the diagnostic processes in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19
• immunokromatografi
• PCR
• antikor

COVID-19 Hastalarında İmmunokromatografik Antikor Testi Sonuçları

Öz

Amaç: COVID-19, pnömonilerle başlayıp kısa sürede pandemiye neden olan bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. COVID-19 etkeni olan SARS-CoV-2’ye ait nükleik asitin RT PCR ile saptanması tanıda altın standarttır. SARS-CoV-2 ile enfekte olan hastalarda 7-11 gün sonra antikor cevabı gelişmektedir. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 tanısında immunokromatografik antikor testlerinin yeri araştırılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: COVID-19 şüphesiyle yatan hastaların COVID-19 antikor çalışılmak üzere Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı’na gönderilen örneklerine ait sonuçlar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Kan örneklerinden serum elde edildikten sonra kolloidal altın bazlı immunokromatografik lateral flow test yöntemi kullanıldı. Hastaların demografik özellikleri ile eş zamanlı bulunan laboratuvar değerleri ve radyoloji bulguları da çalışmaya dahil edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 98 hastanın 50’sinde (%51) COVID-19 antikor pozitifliği saptandı. PCR pozitifliği bulunan kesin tanı grubundaki 28 hastanın 18’inde (%64,2) COVID-19 antikor pozitifliği mevcuttu. PCR negatifliğine rağmen radyoloji bulgularını karşılayan ön tanı grubundaki 70 hastanın ise 32’sinde (%45,7) COVID-19 antikor pozitifliği vardı. Antikoru pozitif saptanan 50 hastanın 18’inin PCR sonucunun pozitif olduğu görüldü. Otuz iki hasta ise PCR negatifliğine rağmen radyolojik açıdan COVID-19 lehine değerlendirildi.
Sonuç: COVID-19 tanısında altın standart, viral nükleik asitin saptanmasıdır. Epidemiyoloji, bağışık yanıt izlemi, asemptomatik olguların saptanması gibi durumlarda serolojik testlerden yararlanabilir. Serolojinin tanıdaki rolünün tam olarak netleştirilememesi, farklı kitlere ve cihazlara ait duyarlılık ve özgüllük oranlarının bulunması nedeniyle, bu konuda yapılacak çeşitli araştırmalar COVID-19 pandemisinde tanısal süreçlere ışık tutacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• immunokromatografi
• PCR
• antikor

Kaynakça

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