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DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 31 Aralık 2025
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DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE

Öz

The aim of this study is to indicate the structure of card interchange fee and merchant fee, and to investigate whether there is a relationship between the interest rate and these fees in Türkiye. Using the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye and Competition Board regulations and explaining the two-sided structure of card market, the source of the interchange fee and merchant fee is asserted. The study reveals that the interest rate is the main determinant of these fees through funding cost channel. On the other hand, the operational costs have a small share in these fees. The merchant fees vary depending on time and interest rate owing to the interest-sensitive structure. Also, the interchange fee is a significant component of the merchant fee in not-on-us transactions. The study demonstrated that, despite all banks being subject to the same regulations and using the same infrastructure, treating merchant fees solely as a service fee in Islamic banking is inappropriate. Furthermore, contrary to the assumption in Islamic finance literature, it appears that transferring the money owing to card transactions to the business’s account on the next day is not the obligation of the banks; however, it is a preference of the business. Therefore, a new perspective is needed to explain the source of these fees in Islamic finance. In current practices, if there is a suspicion of interest in terms of Islamic finance in the merchant and clearing fees, banks and merchants may need to change their business models and contracts. Finally, understanding the exact source of merchant fee may reduce the asymmetric information for merchants and may increase the bargaining in contracts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Central bank, Funding cost, Interchange fee, Merchant fee, Credit card, Islamic finance

Kaynakça

  1. Açıkgül, E., & Açıkgül, H. A. (2007). Teori ve Uygulamada Kredi Kartı Sözleşmeleri. Ankara, Seçkin Yayınları.
  2. Akkaya-Karayol, H. (2007). Kartlı Ödeme Sistemlerinde Rekabet. Rekabet Kurumu Yayınları.
  3. Aktepe, İ. E. (2010). Kredi Kartı Sistemi ve İslam Hukuku Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Din Bilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 1,133-157.
  4. Askari, H., Iqbal, Z., & Mirakhor, A. (2010). Globalization and Islamic Finance: Convergence, Prospects and Challenges. Singapore, Wiley.
  5. Balto, D. A. (2000). The Problem of Interchange Fees: Costs Without Benefits. European Competition Law Review, 21(4), 215-224.
  6. Baxter, W. F. (1983). Bank Interchange of Transactional Paper: A Legal and Economic Perspective. Journal of Law & Economics, 26, 541-588.
  7. Bayındır, S. (2005). Faizsiz Bankacılık. Rağbet Yayınları, Ankara.
  8. Bayındır, S. (2013). Kredi Piyasalarındaki Bazı Uygulamaların Fıkhî Durumuna Ilişkin Değerlendirmeler. D.İ.B. Yayınları, Ankara, 41-67.
  9. Bolt, W., & Chakravorti, S. (2011). Pricing in Retail Payment Systems: A Public Policy Perspective on Pricing of Payment Cards. De Nederlandsche Bank Working Paper, No:331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1978787.
  10. BRSA. (2006). Banka Kartları ve Kredi Kartları Kanunu. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=11180&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5

Kaynak Göster

APA
Eren, B. (2025). DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi (İEFD), 11(2), 458-487. https://doi.org/10.54863/jief.1714664
AMA
1.Eren B. DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE. JIEF. 2025;11(2):458-487. doi:10.54863/jief.1714664
Chicago
Eren, Bekir. 2025. “DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE”. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi (İEFD) 11 (2): 458-87. https://doi.org/10.54863/jief.1714664.
EndNote
Eren B (01 Aralık 2025) DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi (İEFD) 11 2 458–487.
IEEE
[1]B. Eren, “DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE”, JIEF, c. 11, sy 2, ss. 458–487, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.54863/jief.1714664.
ISNAD
Eren, Bekir. “DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE”. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi (İEFD) 11/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 458-487. https://doi.org/10.54863/jief.1714664.
JAMA
1.Eren B. DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE. JIEF. 2025;11:458–487.
MLA
Eren, Bekir. “DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE”. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi (İEFD), c. 11, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 458-87, doi:10.54863/jief.1714664.
Vancouver
1.Bekir Eren. DETERMINANTS OF CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT FEE IN TÜRKİYE AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC FINANCE. JIEF. 01 Aralık 2025;11(2):458-87. doi:10.54863/jief.1714664