THE EXAMPLE OF US LEVITTOWN SUBURBS, ONE OF THE NEW BUILDING TYPES EMERGING WITH THE SOCIOCULTURAL EFFECTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Öz

Suburbs, located further away from city centers, in their modern sense, emerged in America in the 1950s. The historical development of the suburbs, which claim to offer the opportunity to get away from the chaos of city centers and live in a safer environment, has been tried to be explained through the American suburbs of Long Island-Levittown in New York and Levittown in New Jersey. In this context, the focus is on the relationship between suburbanization and population growth, public investments, means of transportation, race and gender. As a result, although suburbanization has relieved city centers in terms of population and building stock, it has also led to a structure that limits women's daily lives to the home, reproduces racial discrimination, and fosters loneliness with its homogeneous population and building stock.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Industrial Revolution
• Suburbia
• Levittown Suburbs

ENDÜSTRİ DEVRİMİ’NİN SOSYOKÜLTÜREL ETKİLERİ İLE ORTAYA ÇIKAN YENİ YAPI TÜRLERİNDEN ABD LEVİTTOWN BANLİYÖLERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Kent merkezlerinden daha uzağa konumlanmış banliyöler, modern anlamı ile, 1950’lerde Amerika’da ortaya çıkmıştır. Kent merkezlerinin karmaşasından uzaklaşma, daha güvenli bir ortamda yaşama fırsatı sunduğu iddiasında olan banliyölerin tarihsel gelişimi Amerika banliyölerinden New York’ta bulunan Long Island-Levittown banliyösü ile New Jersey’de bulunan Levittown banliyösü üzerinden anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonrasında ise banliyöleşmenin sosyokültürel etkileri irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda banliyöleşme ile nüfus artışı, kamusal yatırımlar, ulaşım araçları, ırk ve toplumsal cinsiyet kavramları arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak banliyöleşme her ne kadar kent merkezlerini nüfus ve yapı stoğu açısından rahatlatmışsa da, kadınların gündelik hayatlarını ev ile sınırlandıran, ırk ayrımını yeniden üreten, sahip olduğu homojen nüfus ve yapı stoğuyla da yalnızlaşmayı besleyen bir yapılanmaya da yol açmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endüstri Devrimi
• Banliyö
• Levittown Banliyöleri

Kaynakça

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