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DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1 30 Haziran 2021
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DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

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It was believed that Democracy and the Middle East two foreign words to each other, and that is the region’s ill fortune. However, recent years witnessed an objection to this so-called fate: The Arab Spring. This spring led to some mobilisation and raised hopes towards democracy for the region to a certain extent. Hopes for democratisation increased with the resignation of long-terms authoritarian leaders. After the 2013 military coup ends hopes for Egypt, it seems that Tunisia is the only successful case left in the region. This study’s central question is that although the entire process moved similarly, why the democratisation process was failed in Egypt while it was successful in Tunisia. This study detects four factors that have a significant influence on the difference in democratic attempts of Egypt and Tunisia. i) The first is the nature of the Islamist group in each country, Ennahda in Tunisia and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. ii) The second is the Militaries’ nature in both countries. iii) The third is regarding the nature of the population, social construction. iv) The last is about the importance of both countries in the international area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arab Spring, Democratisation, Egypt, Tunisia

Kaynakça

  1. Anderson, L. (2011). Demystifying the Arab spring: parsing the differences between Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. Foreign Affairs, 90(3), 2–7.
  2. BBC. (2011). Tunisia’s Islamist Ennahda party wins historic poll. BBC News. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15487647
  3. Chotiner, I. (2018). “It Was a Lovely, Lovely Time” What Egypt felt like during the Arab Spring, and how it all went wrong. Slate. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/08/egypt-during-the-arab-spring-and-how-it-all-went-wrong.html
  4. Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 1971, (1971).
  5. Della Porta, D. (2016). Arab Spring: Which Democratic Qualities in Egypt and Tunisia? In D. Della Porta (Ed.), Where did the revolution go?: Contentious politics and the quality of democracy (pp. 31–344). Cambridge University Pres. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_1-1
  6. Global Gender Gap Report. (n.d.). https://www.weforum.org/reports#filter
  7. House, F. (2010). Freedom in the world 2010: The annual survey of political rights and civil liberties. In Rowman & Littlefield. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351301800-10
  8. Jamal, A., & Kensicki, A. (2016). A Theory of Critical Junctures for Democratization: A Comparative Examination of Constitution-Making in Egypt and Tunisia. Law and Ethics of Human Rights, 10(1), 185–222. https://doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2016-0007
  9. Laz, E. (2014). Sustainable Democracy and the Paradox of the Arab Spring: The Egypt Experience. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, 13(1&2), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.21599/atjir.99474
  10. Maogoto, J. N., & Coleman, A. (2014). The ARAB Spring’s Constitutional Indigestion: Has Democracy Failed in the Middle East? Liverpool Law Review, 35(2), 105–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10991-014-9150-7

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ok, E. (2021). DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 83-93. https://izlik.org/JA72NL32HE
AMA
1.Ok E. DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2021;1(1):83-93. https://izlik.org/JA72NL32HE
Chicago
Ok, Ekrem. 2021. “DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi 1 (1): 83-93. https://izlik.org/JA72NL32HE.
EndNote
Ok E (01 Haziran 2021) DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi 1 1 83–93.
IEEE
[1]E. Ok, “DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 1, sy 1, ss. 83–93, Haz. 2021, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA72NL32HE
ISNAD
Ok, Ekrem. “DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi 1/1 (01 Haziran 2021): 83-93. https://izlik.org/JA72NL32HE.
JAMA
1.Ok E. DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2021;1:83–93.
MLA
Ok, Ekrem. “DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 1, sy 1, Haziran 2021, ss. 83-93, https://izlik.org/JA72NL32HE.
Vancouver
1.Ekrem Ok. DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi [Internet]. 01 Haziran 2021;1(1):83-9. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA72NL32HE