İKLİM KRİZİ, SİYASAL İSTİKRAR VE BÖLGESEL GÜVENLİK: BANGLADEŞ ÖRNEĞİ
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 54 - 77, 31.12.2025
Esranur Aydın
,
Oya Daglar Macar
Öz
Bu çalışma küresel ısınma ve iklim krizinin artan etkilerinin çevresel güvenlik boyutunda Bangladeş’e olan etkilerin; siyasal istikrar ve bölgesel güvenlik çerçevesinden incelemektedir. Bangladeş, coğrafi konumu ve yoğun nüfusu nedeniyle iklim değişikliğinden en çok etkilenen ülkelerden biridir. Artan sel, tropikal kasırgalar, deniz seviyesindeki yükselme ve sıcak hava dalgaları yalnızca çevreyi değil, toplumun ekonomik ve siyasal yapısını da etkilemektedir. Bu makalede nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak Bangladeş’in çevresel kırılganlıkları, siyasal yapıları ve güvenlik politikaları tarihsel ve içerik analizi yoluyla incelenmektedir. Bulgular, iklim krizinin yalnızca tek bir ülkeyi değil, o bölgeden başlayarak zamanla küresel çapta tüm ülkelerin kolektif mücadele etmesini gerektiren bir sorun haline geleceğini göstermektedir.
Kaynakça
-
Agarwal, T., ve Arora, P. (2025, Nisan 27). A BIMSTEC problem: Weathering climate threats in South Asia, The Sunday Guardian: https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-sundayguardian/20250427/281676850773652?srsltid=AfmBOopfCFHAbNbBWncZr2ppEQ33JhNlP8GN5eGrVn3I50vgIbz_wJ5R. (6.08.2025)
-
Ahmed, A. U. (2006). Bangladesh Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability. Dhaka: Climate Change Cell, Department of Environment. (6.07.2025)
-
Amjad Z. B., (2025, Temmuz 25). The Ganges Water-Sharing Treaty Needs a Climate Makeover. Think Global Health: https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/ganges-water-sharing-treaty-needs-climate-makeover. (27.11.2025)
-
Arslan, N. (2023, Temmuz 19). Küresel İklim Değişikliği: İklim Mültecilerinin Güvenlik Sorunları. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi (84), s. 125-137. (24.02.2025)
-
Aydın, N. (2025, Temmuz 24). HRW: Hindistan yüzlerce Müslüman'ı hukuka aykırı şekilde Bangladeş'e sınır dışı etti. Anadolu Ajansı: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/hrw-hindistan-yuzlerce-muslumani-hukuka-aykiri-sekilde-bangladese-sinir-disietti/3640588. (27.11.2025)
-
Bakan, S., ve Şahin, S. (2018, Aralık 30). Uluslararası Güvenlik Yaklaşımlarının Tarihsel Dönüşümü ve Yeni Tehditler. The Journal of International Lingual Social and Educational Sciences, s. 135-152. (23.11.2024)
-
Begum, T. (2024, Şubat 28). Why Bangladesh is running out of options in the face of extreme weather: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/feb/28/why-bangladesh-is-running-out-of-options-inthe-face-of-extreme-weather. (1.08.2025)
-
Bhattacharya, S. (2024, Ağustos 23). Unprecedented Floods Fuel Bangladesh-India Tension, The Diplomat:
https://thediplomat.com/2024/08/unprecedented-floods-fuel-bangladesh-india-tension/. (31.07.2025)
-
BIMSTEC. (tarih yok). History. https://bimstec.org/history. (5.08.2025)
-
Board, J. (2025, Temmuz 28). Stakes high for India, Bangladesh with decades-old Ganges River treaty set to expire, Channel News Asia: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/ganges-river-treaty-bangladesh-india-climate-change-5258566. (31.07.2025)
-
Çalkıvik, A. (2021). Soğuk Savaş ve Sonrası Güvenlik Siyaseti. E. Balta içinde, Küresel Siyasete Giriş (s. 281-300). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. (21.02.2025)
-
Çetin, M. Ş., Parlak, B., ve Şenol, S. (2024, Ocak 15). İklim Krizi ve Göçe İlişkin Kavramsal Değerlendirme. Kent Akademisi, 17(1), s. 217-230. (24.07.2025)
-
Demirbilek, B. (2023, Eylül 16). İklim Krizi Bağlamında Çevresel Göç Sorunsalı. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(31), s. 499-529. (24.07.2025)
-
Duque, M. C. (2024, Eylül 4). Climate Change in Bangladesh Shapes Internal, Migration Policy
Institute:https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/bangladesh-india-climate-migration. (25.07.2025)
-
EEAS Strategic Communications. (2021, Kasım 24). South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), The Diplomatic Service of the European Union: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/south-asian-association-regional-cooperationsaarc._(6.08.2025)
Global Water Forum. (2014, Temmuz 28). Sharing waters vs. sharing rivers: The 1996 Ganges Treaty, Global Water Forum: https://www.globalwaterforum.org/2014/07/28/sharing-waters-vs-sharing-rivers-the-1996-ganges-treaty/. (10.08. 2025)
-
Human Rights Watch. (2025, Temmuz 23). India: Hundreds of Muslims Unlawfully Expelled to Bangladesh. Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/07/23/india-hundreds-of-muslims-unlawfully-expelled-to-bangladesh. (27.11.2025)
-
Hulme, D., Roy, M., ve Hanlon, J. (2016). BANGLADESH ON THE FRONT LINE OF CLIMATE CHANGE. D. Hulme, M. Roy, & J.
Hanlon içinde, Bangladesh Confronts Climate Change: Keeping Our Heads above Water (s. 161-168). Anthem Press. (30.06.2025)
-
Huq, S., Bodrud-Doza, M., Tahsin, K. T., ve Khan, M. R. (2022). What does the IPCC Working Group II say about Bangladesh in its Sixth Assessment Report? IPCC, https://www.icccad.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IPCC-BD-policy-brief-mar22.pdf. (6.07.2025)
-
Huq, S., Khan, M., Islam, A. S., ve Mirza, A. B. (2024). Climate change impacts in Bangladesh. International Centre for Climate Change and Development & Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. (6.07.2025)
-
ICIMOD. (2019, Şubat 4). Landmark study: Two-degree temperature rise could melt half of glaciers in Hindu Kush Himalaya region, destabilizing Asia’s rivers. ICIMOD: https://www.icimod.org/landmark-study-two-degree-temperature-rise-couldmelt-half-of-glaciers-in-hindu-kush-himalaya-region-destabilizing-asias-rivers. (27.11.2025)
-
India Foundation. (2019, Temmuz 10). Climate Diplomacy and South Asia: Is there Room for Cooperation?, India Foundation: https://indiafoundation.in/articles-and-commentaries/climate-diplomacy-and-south-asia-is-there-room-for-cooperation/. (6.08.2025)
-
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. (2025, Mayıs 14). Bangladesh, Internal Displacement Monitoring
Centre:https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/bangladesh/. (25.07.2025)
-
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept. (2016, Şubat 1). Bangladesh: Selected Issues, IMF eLibrary:
https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2016/028/article-A002-en.xml?result=5&rskey=jn9fR5&utm. (1.08.2025)
-
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IOM. (2021, Aralık 2021). World grows with 281 million migrants; Bangladesh is the 6th largest migrant sending country, IOM: https://bangladesh.iom.int/news/world-grows-281-million-migrants-bangladesh-6th-largest-migrant-sending-country. (25.07.2025)
-
Jilani, H. (2025, Temmuz 25). Monsoons claim hundreds of lives across South Asia, Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/e4eb48a3-a178-4858-b11f-98e704db4dce. (6.08.2025)
-
Kaldor, G. (2025, Mart 7). India-Bangladesh Dispute Over the Teesta River. Menga: A Crisis For International Law, Renewable Matter: https://www.renewablematter.eu/en/india-bangladesh-teesta-river-filippo-menga-crisis-for-international-law. (29.07.2025)
-
Kartiki, K. (2011, Mart 17). Climate change and migration: a case study from rural Bangladesh. Taylor&Francis, 19(1), s. 23-38. (31.07.2025)
-
Kishtwari, S. (2024, Nisan 16). India and Bangladesh must address climate migration together, Climate Diplomacy: https://climate-diplomacy.org/magazine/environment/india-and-bangladesh-must-address-climate-migration-together. (1.08.2025)
-
Macrotrends.(tarih yok). Bangladesh Population Density, Macrotrends: https://www.macrotrends.net/global
metrics/countries/bgd/bangladesh/population-density. (10.08.2025)
-
Macrotrends. (tarih yok). Bangladesh Rural Population, Macrotrends: https://www.macrotrends.net/global
metrics/countries/bgd/bangladesh/ruralpopulation#:~:text=Bangladesh%20rural%20population%20for%202023,a%200.44%25%20decline%20from%202020. (10.08.2025)
-
Mecra. ( 2025, Şubat 13). Modi liderliğindeki Hindistan'da Müslüman karşıtı nefret söyleminde büyük artış yaşandı, Gzt: https://www.gzt.com/mecra/modi-liderligindeki-hindistanda-musluman-karsiti-nefret-soyleminde-buyuk-artis-yasandi3792859. (27.11.2025)
-
Pandey, S. (2022, Kasım 1). Can climate diplomacy revive SAARC?, The Kathmandu Post: https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2022/11/01/can-climate-diplomacy-revive saarc#:~:text=Regional%20climate%20diplomacy%20could%20help,can%20spearhead%20regional%20climate%20diplomacy. (6.08.2025)
-
Prothomalo English. (2022, Haziran 9). Tk 6.78tr budget proposed for 2022-23 fiscal, Prothomalo English:
https://en.prothomalo.com/business/local/tk-678tr-budget-proposed-for-2022-23-fiscal. (27.11.2025)
-
Rahman, A., Singh, C., ve Srinivas, A. (2024, Nisan). Migration Along Bengaluru’s Rural–Urban Continuum: Implications for Household Well-being and Climate Change Adaptation. Indian Journal of Human Development, 18(1), s. 56-75. (10.08.2025)
-
Rahman, S. R. (2025, Mayıs 6). Climate change and its impact on regional security: A South Asian Perspective,
https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/specials/380475/climate-change-and-its-impact-on-regional. (6.08.2025)
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Rakib, M. (2025, Nisan). Indo-Pacific: Bangladesh's Strategic Move to Geopolitics and Climate Security Concerns. Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities, 3(2), s. 122-135. (6.08.2025)
-
Sarkar, S. (2021, Aralık 21). Climate Change and Its Effects on Economy of Bangladesh. S. K. Chaudhury, S. Sarkar, & P. T. Krishna (Dü.) içinde, Impact of Urbanization on Physical and Social Environment (Cilt 1, s. 151-161). Andhra Pradesh, India: Desh Vikas Publications. (24.07.2025)
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CLIMATE CRISIS, POLITICAL STABILITY AND REGIONAL SECURITY: THE CASE STUDY OF BANGLADESH
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 54 - 77, 31.12.2025
Esranur Aydın
,
Oya Daglar Macar
Öz
This study examines the effects of global warming and the increasing impacts of the climate crisis on Bangladesh in terms of environmental security, within the framework of political stability and regional security. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to its geographical location and dense population. Increasing floods, tropical cyclones, rising sea levels, and heat waves are not only affecting the environment but also the economic and political structure of society. This article uses qualitative research methods to examine Bangladesh's environmental vulnerabilities, political structures, and security policies through historical and content analysis. The findings show that the climate crisis is not just a problem for a single country, but a global issue that requires collective action from all countries, starting with those in the region most affected.
Kaynakça
-
Agarwal, T., ve Arora, P. (2025, Nisan 27). A BIMSTEC problem: Weathering climate threats in South Asia, The Sunday Guardian: https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-sundayguardian/20250427/281676850773652?srsltid=AfmBOopfCFHAbNbBWncZr2ppEQ33JhNlP8GN5eGrVn3I50vgIbz_wJ5R. (6.08.2025)
-
Ahmed, A. U. (2006). Bangladesh Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability. Dhaka: Climate Change Cell, Department of Environment. (6.07.2025)
-
Amjad Z. B., (2025, Temmuz 25). The Ganges Water-Sharing Treaty Needs a Climate Makeover. Think Global Health: https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/ganges-water-sharing-treaty-needs-climate-makeover. (27.11.2025)
-
Arslan, N. (2023, Temmuz 19). Küresel İklim Değişikliği: İklim Mültecilerinin Güvenlik Sorunları. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi (84), s. 125-137. (24.02.2025)
-
Aydın, N. (2025, Temmuz 24). HRW: Hindistan yüzlerce Müslüman'ı hukuka aykırı şekilde Bangladeş'e sınır dışı etti. Anadolu Ajansı: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/hrw-hindistan-yuzlerce-muslumani-hukuka-aykiri-sekilde-bangladese-sinir-disietti/3640588. (27.11.2025)
-
Bakan, S., ve Şahin, S. (2018, Aralık 30). Uluslararası Güvenlik Yaklaşımlarının Tarihsel Dönüşümü ve Yeni Tehditler. The Journal of International Lingual Social and Educational Sciences, s. 135-152. (23.11.2024)
-
Begum, T. (2024, Şubat 28). Why Bangladesh is running out of options in the face of extreme weather: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/feb/28/why-bangladesh-is-running-out-of-options-inthe-face-of-extreme-weather. (1.08.2025)
-
Bhattacharya, S. (2024, Ağustos 23). Unprecedented Floods Fuel Bangladesh-India Tension, The Diplomat:
https://thediplomat.com/2024/08/unprecedented-floods-fuel-bangladesh-india-tension/. (31.07.2025)
-
BIMSTEC. (tarih yok). History. https://bimstec.org/history. (5.08.2025)
-
Board, J. (2025, Temmuz 28). Stakes high for India, Bangladesh with decades-old Ganges River treaty set to expire, Channel News Asia: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/ganges-river-treaty-bangladesh-india-climate-change-5258566. (31.07.2025)
-
Çalkıvik, A. (2021). Soğuk Savaş ve Sonrası Güvenlik Siyaseti. E. Balta içinde, Küresel Siyasete Giriş (s. 281-300). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. (21.02.2025)
-
Çetin, M. Ş., Parlak, B., ve Şenol, S. (2024, Ocak 15). İklim Krizi ve Göçe İlişkin Kavramsal Değerlendirme. Kent Akademisi, 17(1), s. 217-230. (24.07.2025)
-
Demirbilek, B. (2023, Eylül 16). İklim Krizi Bağlamında Çevresel Göç Sorunsalı. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(31), s. 499-529. (24.07.2025)
-
Duque, M. C. (2024, Eylül 4). Climate Change in Bangladesh Shapes Internal, Migration Policy
Institute:https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/bangladesh-india-climate-migration. (25.07.2025)
-
EEAS Strategic Communications. (2021, Kasım 24). South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), The Diplomatic Service of the European Union: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/south-asian-association-regional-cooperationsaarc._(6.08.2025)
Global Water Forum. (2014, Temmuz 28). Sharing waters vs. sharing rivers: The 1996 Ganges Treaty, Global Water Forum: https://www.globalwaterforum.org/2014/07/28/sharing-waters-vs-sharing-rivers-the-1996-ganges-treaty/. (10.08. 2025)
-
Human Rights Watch. (2025, Temmuz 23). India: Hundreds of Muslims Unlawfully Expelled to Bangladesh. Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/07/23/india-hundreds-of-muslims-unlawfully-expelled-to-bangladesh. (27.11.2025)
-
Hulme, D., Roy, M., ve Hanlon, J. (2016). BANGLADESH ON THE FRONT LINE OF CLIMATE CHANGE. D. Hulme, M. Roy, & J.
Hanlon içinde, Bangladesh Confronts Climate Change: Keeping Our Heads above Water (s. 161-168). Anthem Press. (30.06.2025)
-
Huq, S., Bodrud-Doza, M., Tahsin, K. T., ve Khan, M. R. (2022). What does the IPCC Working Group II say about Bangladesh in its Sixth Assessment Report? IPCC, https://www.icccad.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IPCC-BD-policy-brief-mar22.pdf. (6.07.2025)
-
Huq, S., Khan, M., Islam, A. S., ve Mirza, A. B. (2024). Climate change impacts in Bangladesh. International Centre for Climate Change and Development & Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. (6.07.2025)
-
ICIMOD. (2019, Şubat 4). Landmark study: Two-degree temperature rise could melt half of glaciers in Hindu Kush Himalaya region, destabilizing Asia’s rivers. ICIMOD: https://www.icimod.org/landmark-study-two-degree-temperature-rise-couldmelt-half-of-glaciers-in-hindu-kush-himalaya-region-destabilizing-asias-rivers. (27.11.2025)
-
India Foundation. (2019, Temmuz 10). Climate Diplomacy and South Asia: Is there Room for Cooperation?, India Foundation: https://indiafoundation.in/articles-and-commentaries/climate-diplomacy-and-south-asia-is-there-room-for-cooperation/. (6.08.2025)
-
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. (2025, Mayıs 14). Bangladesh, Internal Displacement Monitoring
Centre:https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/bangladesh/. (25.07.2025)
-
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept. (2016, Şubat 1). Bangladesh: Selected Issues, IMF eLibrary:
https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2016/028/article-A002-en.xml?result=5&rskey=jn9fR5&utm. (1.08.2025)
-
International Organization for Migration. (tarih yok). World Migration Report Snapshot: https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1691/files/documents/WMR-Data-Snapshot-Top-Origin-andDestination-Countries.pdf. (25.07.2025)
-
IOM. (2021, Aralık 2021). World grows with 281 million migrants; Bangladesh is the 6th largest migrant sending country, IOM: https://bangladesh.iom.int/news/world-grows-281-million-migrants-bangladesh-6th-largest-migrant-sending-country. (25.07.2025)
-
Jilani, H. (2025, Temmuz 25). Monsoons claim hundreds of lives across South Asia, Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/e4eb48a3-a178-4858-b11f-98e704db4dce. (6.08.2025)
-
Kaldor, G. (2025, Mart 7). India-Bangladesh Dispute Over the Teesta River. Menga: A Crisis For International Law, Renewable Matter: https://www.renewablematter.eu/en/india-bangladesh-teesta-river-filippo-menga-crisis-for-international-law. (29.07.2025)
-
Kartiki, K. (2011, Mart 17). Climate change and migration: a case study from rural Bangladesh. Taylor&Francis, 19(1), s. 23-38. (31.07.2025)
-
Kishtwari, S. (2024, Nisan 16). India and Bangladesh must address climate migration together, Climate Diplomacy: https://climate-diplomacy.org/magazine/environment/india-and-bangladesh-must-address-climate-migration-together. (1.08.2025)
-
Macrotrends.(tarih yok). Bangladesh Population Density, Macrotrends: https://www.macrotrends.net/global
metrics/countries/bgd/bangladesh/population-density. (10.08.2025)
-
Macrotrends. (tarih yok). Bangladesh Rural Population, Macrotrends: https://www.macrotrends.net/global
metrics/countries/bgd/bangladesh/ruralpopulation#:~:text=Bangladesh%20rural%20population%20for%202023,a%200.44%25%20decline%20from%202020. (10.08.2025)
-
Mecra. ( 2025, Şubat 13). Modi liderliğindeki Hindistan'da Müslüman karşıtı nefret söyleminde büyük artış yaşandı, Gzt: https://www.gzt.com/mecra/modi-liderligindeki-hindistanda-musluman-karsiti-nefret-soyleminde-buyuk-artis-yasandi3792859. (27.11.2025)
-
Pandey, S. (2022, Kasım 1). Can climate diplomacy revive SAARC?, The Kathmandu Post: https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2022/11/01/can-climate-diplomacy-revive saarc#:~:text=Regional%20climate%20diplomacy%20could%20help,can%20spearhead%20regional%20climate%20diplomacy. (6.08.2025)
-
Prothomalo English. (2022, Haziran 9). Tk 6.78tr budget proposed for 2022-23 fiscal, Prothomalo English:
https://en.prothomalo.com/business/local/tk-678tr-budget-proposed-for-2022-23-fiscal. (27.11.2025)
-
Rahman, A., Singh, C., ve Srinivas, A. (2024, Nisan). Migration Along Bengaluru’s Rural–Urban Continuum: Implications for Household Well-being and Climate Change Adaptation. Indian Journal of Human Development, 18(1), s. 56-75. (10.08.2025)
-
Rahman, S. R. (2025, Mayıs 6). Climate change and its impact on regional security: A South Asian Perspective,
https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/specials/380475/climate-change-and-its-impact-on-regional. (6.08.2025)
-
Rakib, M. (2025, Nisan). Indo-Pacific: Bangladesh's Strategic Move to Geopolitics and Climate Security Concerns. Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities, 3(2), s. 122-135. (6.08.2025)
-
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