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A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations

Sayı: Advanced Online Publication 14 Şubat 2026
Büşra Baydar , Dilşad Türkmenoğlu Köse *
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A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations

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This article explores the dynamics of government–opposition relations in Turkiye between 1950 and 1960, with particular emphasis on the establishment and operation of the Investigation Commissions. The Democrat Party (DP), which came to power in 1950 with broad popular support and reformist promises, initially strengthened its legitimacy through economic growth, rural development, and infrastructure investments. However, by the mid-1950s, the government’s increasingly repressive measures against the opposition and the press created sharp political divisions. The transfer of CHP’s assets to the Treasury, the closure of political parties, and the abolition of the “right to prove” exemplify this shift. The creation of the Investigation Commissions in April 1960 represented a decisive moment in this trajectory. Composed entirely of DP deputies, the commissions were granted broad authority to investigate the activities of the opposition and to monitor and restrict press outlets. Rather than serving as neutral parliamentary bodies, they functioned as political instruments designed to silence dissent. Through newspaper confiscations, closure of printing houses, and restrictions on opposition rallies, the commissions institutionalized authoritarian tendencies and marginalized democratic checks and balances. By employing historical-descriptive and document analysis methods, this study demonstrates that the Investigation Commissions deepened polarization and contributed to the collapse of democratic consensus. The findings suggest that these commissions played a crucial role in legitimizing the conditions that paved the way for the military intervention of 27 May 1960. More broadly, the article highlights how fragile democratic institutions become when opposition rights and press freedoms are undermined, offering insights into both Turkiye’s political history and contemporary debates on democratic resilience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Democrat Party (DP), Investigation Commissions, Political Polarization, Democratic Regression, Press Freedom.

Kaynakça

  1. Ahmad, F. (2010). The making of modern Turkiye. London: Routledge.
  2. Ahmad, F., & Ahmad, B. (1976). The development of multi-party politics in Turkiye (1945–1971). Istanbul: Bilgi Publishing.
  3. Albayrak, M. (2004). The Democrat Party in Turkish political life (1946–1960). Ankara: Phoenix Publishing.
  4. Doğaner, Y. (2015). Political life during the Democrat Party era. Ankara: Orion Publishing.
  5. Dursun, D. (2018). History of Turkish democracy: The transition to multi-party politics and the Democrat Party era. Istanbul: Beta Publishing.
  6. Eroğul, C. (1990). The Democrat Party: Its history and ideology. Ankara: İmge Publishing.
  7. Eroğlu, H. (1998). The transition to multi-party politics in Turkiye. Istanbul: Kaynak Publishing.
  8. Karpat, K. H. (2010). Turkish democracy: Social, economic and cultural foundations. Istanbul: Timaş Publishing.
  9. Karpat, K. H. (2015). Political history of Turkiye: The evolution of the political system, 1876–2014. Istanbul: Timaş Publishing.
  10. Levitsky, S., & Way, L. A. (2010). Competitive authoritarianism: Hybrid regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Baydar, B., & Türkmenoğlu Köse, D. (2026). A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 1-5. https://izlik.org/JA25AT97CL
AMA
1.Baydar B, Türkmenoğlu Köse D. A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):1-5. https://izlik.org/JA25AT97CL
Chicago
Baydar, Büşra, ve Dilşad Türkmenoğlu Köse. 2026. “A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication: 1-5. https://izlik.org/JA25AT97CL.
EndNote
Baydar B, Türkmenoğlu Köse D (01 Şubat 2026) A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi Advanced Online Publication 1–5.
IEEE
[1]B. Baydar ve D. Türkmenoğlu Köse, “A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, ss. 1–5, Şub. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA25AT97CL
ISNAD
Baydar, Büşra - Türkmenoğlu Köse, Dilşad. “A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (01 Şubat 2026): 1-5. https://izlik.org/JA25AT97CL.
JAMA
1.Baydar B, Türkmenoğlu Köse D. A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2026;:1–5.
MLA
Baydar, Büşra, ve Dilşad Türkmenoğlu Köse. “A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, Şubat 2026, ss. 1-5, https://izlik.org/JA25AT97CL.
Vancouver
1.Büşra Baydar, Dilşad Türkmenoğlu Köse. A Critical Perspective on the Investigation Commissions within the Axis of Government–Opposition Relations. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi [Internet]. 01 Şubat 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):1-5. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA25AT97CL