ARAP BAHARI SONRASINDA TUNUS VE MISIR’DA DEMOKRATİK ATILIMLAR: KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR YAKLAŞIM

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 83 - 93, 30.06.2021

Ekrem Ok

Öz

Birçokları Demokrasi ve Ortadoğu’nun birbirine yabancı iki kelime olduğuna ve bunun bölgenin kaderi olduğuna inanmaktadır. Fakat son yıllar bu sözde kadere bir itiraza tanıklık etmiştir. Arap Baharı olarak adlandırılan bu itiraz bölge için demokrasiye yönelik hareketleri ve beklentileri bir dereceye kadar artırmıştır. Bu isyanlar sonucunda uzun yıllardır yönetimde olan otoriter liderlerin istifa etmesi demokratikleşme umutları daha da artmıştır. Fakat 2013 yılında Mısır’da gerçekleşen askeri darbeden sonra, Arap baharının ardından demokratikleşme süreci başarılı olarak görülebilecek yalnızca Tunus kalmıştır. Bu anlamda, bu çalışmanın ana amacı tüm süreçler benzer ilerlemesine rağmen, demokratikleşme sürecinin Tunus’ta başarılı olup Mısır’da başarısız olma sebeplerini ortaya koymaktır. İnceleme sonucunda bu çalışma bu iki ülkenin demokratikleşme süreçlerinin farklılaşmasına yol açan dört faktör tespit etmiştir: i) Birincisi ülkelerdeki iktidara gelen İslami gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar, Mısır’da Müslüman Kardeşler, Tunus’ta Elnahda. ii) İkinci faktör iki ülkenin ordularının yapısındaki farklılıklar. iii) Üçüncü faktör iki ülkenin nüfusu ve sosyal yapısındaki farklılıklar. iv) ve son olarak iki ülkenin uluslararası önemindeki farklılıklar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arap Baharı, Demokratikleşme, Mısır, Tunus

DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS IN TUNISIA AND EGYPT AFTER ARAB SPRING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

Öz

It was believed that Democracy and the Middle East two foreign words to each other, and that is the region’s ill fortune. However, recent years witnessed an objection to this so-called fate: The Arab Spring. This spring led to some mobilisation and raised hopes towards democracy for the region to a certain extent. Hopes for democratisation increased with the resignation of long-terms authoritarian leaders. After the 2013 military coup ends hopes for Egypt, it seems that Tunisia is the only successful case left in the region. This study’s central question is that although the entire process moved similarly, why the democratisation process was failed in Egypt while it was successful in Tunisia. This study detects four factors that have a significant influence on the difference in democratic attempts of Egypt and Tunisia. i) The first is the nature of the Islamist group in each country, Ennahda in Tunisia and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. ii) The second is the Militaries’ nature in both countries. iii) The third is regarding the nature of the population, social construction. iv) The last is about the importance of both countries in the international area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arab Spring, Democratisation, Egypt, Tunisia

Kaynakça

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