The Arab-Israeli Conflict from the Soviet Union’s Perspective

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 108 - 124, 30.12.2024

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.62425/jirs.1573575

Öz

After the Second World War, the United Nations (UN) convened to discuss the situation of the British Administration in Palestine. After the meeting, Britain decided to end its rule in the region and the Partition Plan, which envisaged dividing the region between two states to be established under the name of Israel and Palestine, was accepted. While the Jews in Palestine welcomed this development, the Arabs opposed this situation. The Arab leaders stated that it was unacceptable to established them a sovereign state in Palestine, because the Jews are a minority. However, in May 1948, the Jews declared independence. With this declaration, the Arab-Israeli conflict and the first Arab-Israeli War officially began. This resulting conflict and the wars it caused shaped the region and world politics in the second half of the 20th century. In the post-World War II period, the world divided into two rival camps between the United States and the Soviet Union, two great powers and the winners of the Second World War. The rivalry and tension called the Cold War, which started between the USA and the Soviet Union and their allies, also affected the region. As a result, the two great powers had to take sides in the Arab-Israeli conflict. In this study, this dispute and the attitudes and involvement of the two great powers of the period towards this dispute will be scrutinized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soviet Union, USA, Cold War, Arab-Israeli Conflict

Proje Numarası

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Sovyetler Birliği Açısından Arap-İsrail Anlaşmazlığı

Öz

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında, Birleşmiş Milletler (BM), öncelikli konuları arasına girmesi sebebiyle, Filistin’deki İngiliz İdaresinin durumunu tartışmak üzere toplanmıştır. Yapılan toplantı sonrasında İngiltere, bölgedeki idaresini sonlandırma kararı almış ve bölgenin İsrail ve Filistin adı altında kurulacak iki devlet arasında pay edilmesini öngören Taksim Planı kabul edilmiştir. Filistin’deki Yahudiler bu gelişmeyi memnuniyetle karşılarken, Araplar ise bu duruma karşı çıkmış ve kabul etmemiştir. Zira Arap yönetimleri, nüfus kefasetinin Araplardan yana olduğu Filistin’de azınlık durumundaki Yahudilerin ayrı devlet kurmasının kabul edilemez olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Ancak 1948 yılı Mayıs ayında Yahudiler Filistin’de, İsrail adı altında bir devlet kurduklarını ilan etmiştir. Bu ilan üzerine Arap-İsrail anlaşmazlığı ve ilk Arap-İsrail Savaşı da resmen başlamıştır. Ortaya çıkan bu anlaşmazlık ve neden olduğu savaşlar 20’inci yüzyılın ikinci yarısında bölgeyi ve dünya siyasetini şekillendirmiştir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde dünyanın iki büyük devlet ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın da galipleri arasında olan ABD ve Sovyetler Birliği arasında rakip kamplara ayrılması Ortadoğu’yu ve Arap-İsrail anlaşmazlığını da etkilemiştir. ABD ve Sovyetler Birliği ile onların müttefikleri olan devletler arasında başlayan ve Soğuk Savaş adı verilen rekabet ve gerginlik bölgeye de taşınmıştır. Bunun sonucunda iki büyük devlet Arap-İsrail anlaşmazlığında da taraf olmak durumunda kalmıştır. Bu rekabette Araplara destek vermesine rağmen Sovyetler Birliği yönetimi İsrail’i yok etmenin Arap-İsrail anlaşmazlığının tek çözüm yolu olduğu düşünmemiştir. Ancak Araplar arasında dillendirilen bu söyleme itiraz da edilmemiştir zira mevcut durum Sovyetler Birliği’nin Ortadoğu’da varlık göstermesi ve etkin olmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. İşte bu çalışmada bu anlaşmazlık ve dönemin iki büyük gücünün bu anlaşmazlığa yönelik tutumları ve dahli mercek altına alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sovyetler Birliği, ABD, Soğuk Savaş, Arap-İsrail Anlaşmazlığı

Etik Beyan

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Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

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