Sosyal Medyanın Uyuşturan Etkisi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1015 - 1030, 01.12.2016

Şakir Eşitti

Öz

Yeni medyanın ifade özgürlüğünü genişlettiği, demokrasiyi ve toplumsal hareketleri güçlendirdiği görüşü, ortaya çıkışından beri akademisyenler tarafından yaygın bir şekilde kabul edilmiş; buna karşın bu iletişim kanalının ‘uyuşturan etkisi’ çoğunlukla görmezden gelinmiştir. Bu çalışma, sosyal medyayı genel olarak eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla incelemekte, Lazarsfeld ve Merton'un “Medyanın Uyuşturan Etkisi” yaklaşımını sosyal medyaya uygulayarak bu iletişim mecrasının bireylerin toplumsal hareketlere ve eylemlere katılmasında etkili bir araç olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sosyal medyanın bireylerin organize olmalarında, içerik üretmelerinde ve bu içerikleri paylaşmalarında kullanışlı bir kitle iletişim aracı olmasına rağmen; sosyal huzursuzluk dönemlerinde, sosyal medya aracılığıyla artan enformasyon tüketiminin bireylerin enerjilerini ‘aktif katılımdan’, ‘pasif haberdar olmaya’ dönüştürdüğü görüşü ileri sürülmektedir. Çalışma, ilk kez Lazarsfeld ve Merton'un “Medyanın Uyuşturan Etkisi” yaklaşımlarını sosyal medyaya uygulamakta ve sosyal medyanın 'karanlık' taraflarını ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla 'slaktivizm' ve 'cliktivizm' kavramlarını tartışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal medya, medyanın uyuşturan etkisi, siyasal katılım, slacktivism, clicktivism

Narcotizing Effect of Social Media

Öz

Since the emergence of new media, it has been widely accepted by the
scholars that new media strengthens democracy, freedom of speech and
social movements; however, they have mostly ignored new media’s potential
for narcotizing. This study examines social media from a critical perspective
and applies Lazarsfeld and Merton’s “Narcotising Dysfunction Approach” to
social media to see whether or not social media helps people’s active
participation to the social movements. In this study, it is argued that although
new media can be a useful tool for helping users to get organized, generate
contents and spread these contents out to their peers, increasing dosages of
mass communication, during the times of unrest, may transform the energies
of citizens from active participation to passive knowledge and this may lead
people to become passive protesters. This study, for the first time in the
literature, will apply the “Narcotising Dysfunction Approach” to social
media and will discuss the concepts of “clicktivism” and “slacktivism” to put
forth ‘the dark sides’ of social media.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social media, narcotizing dysfunction, political participation, slacktivism, clicktivism

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