The Use of Genitors in Biotic Stress Resistant Radish Breeding Program

Öz

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important vegetable species in the Brassicaceae family. It is the oldest cultivated species among Brassicaceae vegetables. Radishes have a wide genetic variation in terms of shape and size characteristics. Today, yield and quality losses occur in radish cultivation due to biotic stress (diseases and pests etc.). The most common diseases in radish cultivation are white rust, Fusarium wilt, downy mildew and turnip mosaic virus. Also radishes are in danger of many pests such as cabbage worm, radish aphid, and root lesion nematode. Genetic resources, which are the basis of phenotypic variation, are one of the most important factors in the success of variety breeding. In addition, resistance genes that are not found in commercial radish varieties can be found in wild and different sub-varieties. In recent years, radish breeding studies have begun to focus on the selection of tolerant genotypes and tolerance mechanisms against diseases and pests by using new germplasm sources. In this review, use of genitors that are resistant to diseases and pests and development of new tolerant genotypes studies are presented in radish breeding programmes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biotic stress
• resistance
• germplasm
• breeding
• radish

Biyotik Stres Koşullarına Dayanıklı Turp Islah Programında Kullanılan Genitörler

Öz

Turp (Raphanus sativus L.), Brassicaceae (Lahanagiller) familyasının içinde yer alan önemli bir sebzedir. Lahanagil grubu sebze türleri içerisinde kültüre alınan en eski türdür. Turplar şekil ve irilik özellikleri yönünden çok geniş bir genetik vasyasyona sahiptir. Günümüzde turp yetiştiriciliğinde biyotik stres (hastalık ve zararlı etmenleri vb.) faktörleri nedeniyle önemli düzeylerde verim ve kalite kayıpları meydana gelmektedir. Turp yetiştiriciliğinde en yaygın olarak gözlemlenen hastalıklar; beyaz pas, Fusarium solgunluğu, mildiyö ve şalgam mozaik virüsü olarak sıralanabilir. Ayrıca turplar; kök, gövde ve yaprakları ile beslenen lahana kurdu, turp afiti, kök lezyon nematodu gibi birçok zararlının da tehlikesi ve tehdidi altındadır. Genetik kaynaklar, çeşit ıslah çalışmalarının başarıya ulaşmasında en önemli faktörlerden birisi olan fenotipik varyasyonun temelini oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca halihazırda ticareti yapılan turp çeşitlerinde bulunmayan dayanıklılık genleri, yabani ve farklı alt varyetelerde bulunabilmektedir. Son yıllarda turp bitkisinde mevcut genetik kaynaklardan yararlanılarak hibrit çeşit ıslahı çalışmalarında hastalık ve zararlılara karşı tolerant yeni genotiplerin geliştirilmesi ve tolerantlıkta rol alan mekanizmaların belirlenmesine yönelik çalışmalara daha fazla önem verilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu derlemede turp ıslah programlarında dayanıklılık kaynağı olarak yararlanılan genitörler ve hastalık ve zararlılara karşı tolerant yeni genotiplerin geliştirilmesi konusunda yapılan ıslah çalışmaları derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyotik stres
• dayanıklılık
• germplazm
• ıslah
• turp

Kaynakça

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