Hassas Tarımda Kablosuz Algılayıcı Ağların Kullanımı ve Uygulama Alanlarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Tarımsal faaliyetlerde insan iş gücünün azaltılması, çiftçi refahını sağlarken, üretimin daha verimli ve kaliteli yapılmasını da sağlamaktadır. Özellikle bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin tarım kesiminde kullanımı kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Kablosuz haberleşme sistemlerinde son yıllarda yaşanan hızlı gelişmeler kablosuz ağlar da dâhil olmak üzere pek çok alanda yeni teknolojilerin kullanılabilirliğini mümkün kılmıştır. Geleneksel kablosuz ağlardan farklı olarak kablosuz algılayıcı ağlar (KAA) fiziksel olguları gözetlemek üzere algıladığı veriyi işleyebilen ve birbirleri ile kablosuz ortamda haberleşebilen algılayıcı düğümlerden oluşur. KAA pek çok sivil ve askeri alanda olduğu gibi sulama, gübreleme, ilaçlama vb. tarımsal proseslerin yönetimi için hassas tarım alanında da görev yapabilirler. Bu şekilde KAA yardımıyla üretim miktarı ve ürün kalitesinin artırılması sağlanabilir. Bu çalışmada hassas tarım alanında KAA kullanımı incelenerek literatürde yer alan çeşitli tarımsal uygulamalar gözden geçirilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kablosuz algılayıcı ağlar, hassas tarım, sulama yönetimi

Employment of the Wireless Sensor Networks in Precision Agriculture and Investigation of the Application Areas

Öz

Agricultural activities to reduce the human work force, well-being of farmers, while also making

production more efficient and provides quality. Developments in information and communication technologies,

especially the use of the agricultural sector was inevitable. In recent years, rapid developments in wireless communication

systems have made it possible the availability of new technologies in many areas including wireless networks.

Unlike traditional wireless networks, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of sensor nodes to observe

the physical phenomena that can process the data and communicating with each other in a wireless environment.

WSNs can serve many civilian and military areas as well as in the precision agriculture for the management of

agricultural processes such as irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides and similar applications. In this way, the amount of

production and product quality can be increased with the help of WSNs. In this study, we examine the use of the

WSNs in precision agriculture in the literature and it is reviewed that various agricultural applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wireless sensor networks,precision agriculture,irrigation management

Kaynakça

1. Akyildiz, I.F., Su, W., Sankasubramaniam, Y., Cayirci, E. 2002. “Wireless Sensor Networks: a Survey”, Computer Networks, pp. 393–422, 2002.
2. Akyildiz, I.F., Vuran, M.C., 2010. “Wireless Sensor Networks”, John Wiley Publishing Company, 2010.
3. Al-Karaki, J., Kamal, A., 2004. “Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: a Survey”, IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 11, pp. 6-28,2004.
4. Baggio, A., 2009. “Wireless Sensor Networks in Precision Agriculture”, CA: Delft University of Technology – The Netherlands Holland, 2009.
5. Bouwer, H., 2000.”Integrated Water Management: Energy Issue Sand Challenges”. J. Agr. Water Manag. 45;217-228.
6. Cox, S., 2002. “Information Technology: the Global Key to Precision Agriculture and Sustainability”. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 36; 93-111.
7. Daily, G. C., Dasgupta, P., Bolin, B., Crosson, P., Guernydu, J., Ehrlich, P. R., Folke, C., Jansson, A. M., Jansson, B.-O., Kautsky, N., Kinzig, A., Levin, S., Maller, K.G., Andersen, P., Siniscalco, D., Walker, B., 1998. “Food Production, Population Growth, and the Environment. Science”, 281:1291– 1292.
8. Demirkol, I., Ersoy, C., Alagoz, F., 2006. “MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: a Survey,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 44,no. 4, pp. 115-121,2006.

9. Depienne, F.,2007.“Wireless Sensor Networks Application for Agricultural Environment Sensing in Developing Countries”. Ecole Poly Technique Federale De Lausanne, Semester Project Report.
10. Gibbons, G., 2000. Turning a Farm Art Intoscience/an Overview of Precision Farming. URL: http://www.precisionfarming.com.
11. López, J.A., Soto, F., Sánchez, P., Iborra, A., Suardiaz, J., Vera, J.A., 2009. “Development of a Sensor Node for Precision Horticulture”,Sensors, 9:3240–3255,2009.
12. Manjeshwar, A., Agrawal, D.P., 2001. “TEEN: A Routing Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks”, In Proceedings on 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium., pp.2009-2015, 2001.
13. Merretve, G.V., Tan, Y.K., 2010. “Wireless Sensor Networks:Application-Centric Design”, InTech Open, 2010.
14. Robert, P.C., Rust, R.H., Larson, W.E., 1995. “Preface. In: Proceedings of Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems”. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Robert, P.C.,Rust, R.H., Larson, W.E. (Eds.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
15. San Jose, CA, Crossbow Technology Company: USA; Available online: http://www.xbow.com/.
16. Sharifkhani, A., Beaulieu, N.C., 2009. “A Mobile-Sink-Based Packet Transmission Scheduling Algorithm for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 2509–2518, 2009.
17. Shibusawa, S., 1998. Precision Farming and Terra Mechanics. Fifth ISTVS Asia-Pacific Regional Conference in Korea, October 20-22.
18. Tickell, C., 1999. Water in the 21st Century. Landwards 54(2), 2-5.
19. Ye, W., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D., 2002. “An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, Proceedings of INFOCOM 2002, IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, New York (NY), pp.1567-1576, 2002.
20. Zhang, W., Kantorve, G., Singh, S. 2004. “Integrated Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks in Agricultural Applications”, In Second ACM International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), pp. 317, 2004.