Ham ve Genleştirilmiş Perlitin Su Bazlı Sondaj Çamuruna Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2022, , 1644 - 1656, 01.09.2022

Abdullah Özkan , Çağlar Eker , Vildan Özkan

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1087788

Öz

Sondaj uygulamalarında başarılı bir operasyon gerçekleştirmek için kullanılan sondaj akışkanının performansı oldukça önemlidir. Son zamanlarda özellikle pahalı teknolojilerin kullanıldığı yatay ve derin deniz sondajlarındaki gelişmelerin yanı sıra sondaj çamuru teknolojisindeki gelişmeler de ekonomik anlam kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, ham perlit ve genleştirilmiş perlitin su bazlı sondaj çamuruna etkisinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, su bazlı sondaj çamurları hazırlanmış ve hazırlanan çamur numunelerine farklı oranlarda (0.1 - 5 % k.h-1) ham perlit ve genleştirilmiş perlit ikame edilmiştir. Hazırlanan sondaj çamurlarının plastik viskozitesi, görünür viskozitesi, kopma noktası, jel mukavemeti değerleri (10 saniye ve 10 dakika) gibi reolojik özellikleri FANN viskozimetresi, filtrasyon kaybı özellikleri de API Filter Press aracılığıyla tespit edilmiştir. Tüm ölçümler Amerikan Petrol Enstitüsü (API) standartlarına
uygun bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Ham ve genleştirilmiş perlitin ayrı ayrı eklenmesi ile hazırlanan sondaj çamurlarının reolojik ve filtrasyon özellikleri ilk olarak katkısız sondaj çamuruyla daha sonra da kendi içlerinde karşılaştırılmıştır. Ham perlit ve genleştirilmiş perlitin su bazlı sondaj çamurunun reolojik özellikleri ile filtrasyon kaybı değerlerine olumlu yönde katkı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca genleştirilmiş perlitin, ham perlite oranla daha iyi bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Su bazlı sondaj çamuru, ham perlit, genleştirilmiş perlit, reolojik ve filtrasyon özellikleri

Comparison of The Effect of Raw and Expanded Perlite on Water Based Drilling Mud

Öz

The performance of the drilling fluid used is very important for a successful operation in drilling applications. Recently, developments in drilling mud technology have gained economic significance as well as developments in horizontal and deep-sea drilling, where expensive technologies are used.
In this study, it is aimed to compare the effects of raw perlite and expanded perlite on water-based drilling mud. For this purpose, water-based drilling muds were prepared and raw perlite and expanded perlite was added to the prepared mud samples at different rates (0.1-5 % w.v-1). Rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, breaking point, gel strength values (10 seconds and 10 minutes) of the prepared drilling mud were determined by FANN viscometer. Filtration properties were studied using API Filter Press. All measurements were performed according to American Petroleum
Institute (API) standards.
The rheological and filtration properties of drilling mud prepared by adding raw and expanded perlite separately were compared with additive-free drilling mud and then among themselves. It has been determined that raw perlite and expanded perlite contribute positively to the rheological properties and filtration loss values of water-based drilling mud. In addition, it has been observed that expanded perlite has a better effect than raw perlite.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Water based drilling mud, raw perlite, expanded perlite, rheological and filtration properties

Kaynakça

• Anonim, 2022. Ham perlit ve genleştirilmiş perlitin fiziksel özellikleri, https://tr.perlit.com/Assets/Documents/TDS-015-030-MM.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2022).
• Anonim, 2022. Ham perlit ve genleştirilmiş perlitin kimyasal özellikleri. https://tr.perlit.com/Assets/Documents/TDS-PERFIL-P0-P1-P2.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2022).
• API RP 13B-1, 2009. Recommended practice for field testing water-based drilling fluids. 4th Edition: API.
• API SPEC 13A, 2010. Specification for drilling fluids – Specifications and testing, 18th ed, Purchasing Guidelines Handbook, American Petroleum Institute (API).
• Awele J, 2014. Investigation of additives on drilling mud performance with “tønder geothermal drilling” as a case study, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Master Thesis (Printed).
• Bageri BS, Adebayo AR, Al Jaberi J, Patil S, 2020. Effect of perlite particles on the filtration properties of high-density barite weighted water-based drilling fluid. Powder Technology, 360: 1157-1166.
• Bayat AE, Moghanloo PJ, Piroozian A, Rafati R, 2018. Experimental investigation of rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids in presence of various nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 555: 256-263.
• Bayat AE, Shams R, 2019. Appraising the impacts of SiO2, ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles on rheological properties and shale inhibition of water-based drilling muds. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 581: 123792.
• Bicerano J, 2009. U.S. Patent Application No. 12(178): 785.
• Ersoy A, 2008. Sondaj teknikleri ve uygulamaları. Nobel Kitabevi, Adana-Türkiye.
• Gamal H, Elkatatny S, Basfar S, Al-Majed A, 2019. Effect of pH on rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite. Sustainability, 11(23): 6714.
• Meng X, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Chu PK, 2012. Effects of carbon ash on rheological properties of water-based drilling fluids. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 100: 1-8.
• Mohamed A, Basfar S, Elkatatny S, Bageri B, 2020. Impact of perlite on the properties and stability of water-based mud in elevated-temperature applications. ACS omega, 5(50): 32573-32582.
• Onat N, 1971. Bentonitin petrol sondajlarına kullanılması. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, 10(5): 30-36.
• Özkan A, Kaplan BM, 2019. Investigation of the effects on rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling mud of boron minerals: An experimental study. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 25(7): 884-888.
• Özkan A, Kaplan BM, Özkan V, Turan SE, 2018b. Effect of micro-sized colemanite on the rheological properties of the water based drilling fluid. Cukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 33(4): 83-88.
• Özkan A, Özkan V, 2019. Effect of clinoptilolite-rich zeolite on the properties of water based drilling fluid, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(3): 2232-2237.
• Özkan A, Turan SE, Kaplan BM, 2018a. Investigation of fly ash effect on rheological and filtration properties of drilling muds. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(12A): 9189-9194.
• Özkan A, Kaplan BM, Özkan V, Turan SE, Eker Ç, 2017. Investigation of the effect of borax on the rheological and chemical properties of drilling mud. International Conference on Engineering Technologies, Konya, December 07-09, pp:85.
• Özkan A, Kaplan BM, Özkan V, Turan SE, Eker Ç, 2017. Rheological properties of ulexite added drilling fluids. International Conference on Engineering Technologies, Konya, December 07-09, pp:75.
• Piroozian A, Ismail I, Yaacob Z, Babakhani P, Ismail ASI, 2012. Impact of drilling fluid viscosity, velocity and hole inclination on cuttings transport in horizontal and highly deviated wells. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 2(3): 149-156.
• Saboori R, Sabbaghi S, Mowla D, Soltani A, 2012. Decreasing of water loss and mud cake thickness by CMC nanoparticles in mud drilling. International Journal of Nano Dimension, 3(2): 101-104.
• Sebüktekin BM, 2019. Bor türevleri katkılanmış sondaj çamurunun reolojik ve filtrasyon özelliklerinin incelenmesi İskenderun Teknik Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi(Basılmış).
• Şapcı N, Ceylan H, 2021. Perlit agregalarının farklı sıcaklıklarda genleştirilmesi üzerine teknik bir analiz. Teknik Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2): 32-40.
• Yıldız N, 2014. Yalıtımda doğal çözüm: Perlit. Madencilik Türkiye Dergisi, 39.