Defektif Homolog Rekombinasyon DNA Tamiri ve PARP İnhibisyonu Arasındaki Sentetik Letal Etkileşim

Yıl 2022, , 2459 - 2475, 01.12.2022

Yusuf Toy , Ramazan Gundogdu , Aydın Sever , Mehmet Kadir Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1095366

Öz

İnsan hücreleri endojen ve eksojen nedenlerle oluşan genomik hasarlara karşı kompleks bir DNA hasar yanıt
mekanizmasına sahiptir. Hücreler, DNA hasar yanıt işlevsizliği durumunda onarılmadıklarından genom stabilitesini tehdit
eden çeşitli DNA lezyonlarını biriktirmeye başlar. Yetersiz DNA hasar yanıt aktivitesi; neoplastik transformasyona, antikanser ilaç direncine ve ilgili tedaviler neticesinde oluşan ciddi yan etkilere neden olmanın yanı sıra, tedavi yanıtının
tahmininde kullanılabilir bir biyogösterge veya kanser hücrelerini mevcut tedavilere karşı daha duyarlı hale getirebilecek
farmakolojik bir hedef olarak da kullanılabilmektedir. Poli (ADP-riboz) (PARP) enzimleri, DNA tek zincir kırıklarının
onarılması dahil birçok hücresel mekanizmada rol oynamaktadır. BRCA1/2 proteinleri ise DNA çift zincir kırıklarının
homolog rekombinasyon yolağıyla tamir edilmesinde görev almaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar, BRCA1/2 mutasyonu
neticesinde homolog rekombinasyon defektif hale gelen hücrelerin PARP inhibitörlerine karşı hassasiyet kazandığı
göstermiştir. BRCA1/2 ve PARP arasında tanımlanan söz konusu sentetik letal etkileşimin başarılı klinik uygulaması,
araştırmacıları homolog rekombinasyon durumunu bildirecek farklı biyogöstergeleri araştırmaya ve PARP inhibitör
direncinin üstesinden gelmek için diğer potansiyel sentetik letal etkileşimleri ortaya çıkarmaya yönlendirmiştir. Bu
derlemede öncelikle DNA hasar yanıt yolağının mevcut durumu özetlenmiş, sonrasında HR tamir sistemi ve PARP
inhibisyonu arasındaki sentetik letalite anlatılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kişiselleştirilmiş Kanser Tedavisi, Homolog Rekombinasyon, PARP İnhibitörleri, BRCA1/2, DNA Hasar Yanıt (DDR) Mekanizması

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

119S007

Teşekkür

Bingöl Üniversitesi Kanser Araştırma Laboratuvarı'nda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar TÜBİTAK (proje numaraları: 119S007, 218S877 ve 120S774) ve Bingöl Üniversitesi (proje numaraları: BAP-SHMYO.2019.00.002 ve BAP-FEF-2021.008) tarafından desteklenmektedir. Yazarlar tüm laboratuvar üyelerine katkılarından dolayı teşekkür eder.

Synthetic Lethal Interaction between Defective Homologous Recombination DNA Repair and PARP Inhibition

Öz

Human cells are equipped with a complex DNA damage response mechanism to deal with endogenously or
exogenously induced genome damages. In the case of impaired DNA damage response functionality, cells start
accumulating various DNA lesions which, if not repaired, threat genome stability. Although inefficient DNA damage
response activity can promote neoplastic transformation, anti-cancer treatment resistance and serious side effects, any
specific DDR dysfunctionality could serve as a biomarker to predict therapeutic response or a pharmacologic target to
render cancer cells more vulnerable to chemotherapeutics. Poly (ADP-ribose) (PARP) enzymes participate in various
cellular processes, including DNA single-strand break repair pathway. BRCA1/2 proteins play essential roles in
homologous recombination DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Recent studies showed that cells with homologous
recombination deficiency due to BRCA1/2 mutations become sensitive to PARP inhibitors. The successful clinical
implementation of the synthetic lethal interaction between BRCA1/2 and PARP has motivated researchers to investigate
other possible biomarkers to evaluate homologous recombination efficiency and untangle other potential synthetic lethal
interactions to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of DNA
damage response activated upon DNA double-strand break formation, then explain the synthetic lethality between
homologous recombination-mediated repair and PARP inhibition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Personalised Cancer Treatment, Homologues recombination, PARP Inhibitors, BRCA1/2, DNA Damage Response (DDR) Mechanism, DNA Hasar Yanıt (DDR) Mekanizması

Proje Numarası

119S007

Kaynakça

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