The Use of Whey Powder Additions for Grass Silage: Effects on Nutrient Content, Fermentation Properties and Aerobic Stability

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the nutrient content, fermentation properties, and aerobic stability of grass ensiled with the addition of different doses of whey powder. Freshly cut grasses (Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis, and Lolium perenne) were ensiled with the addition of whey powder at a rate of 0, 2, 4, and 6% in the laboratory in 1.5-liter plastic jars with 4 replications. At the end of the 60-day ensiling period, the nutrient content, fermentation properties, and aerobic stability values of silages were investigated. The pH measurements revealed that the silages were of high quality. Although dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) values increased depending on the increase in whey powder rate in the silages, crude ash (CA), ADF, and NDF values decreased. The lowest pH and the highest Fleig Score (FS) were obtained in silage with a 6% whey powder addition. Except in the control group, no mold formation was detected in silage groups after the seven-day aerobic stability test. As a result, different mixing ratios of grass and whey powder did not cause negative results in silages and increased the quality. According to Fleig scores and aerobic stability results, the best quality silages were obtained from silages with 4 and 6% whey powder additions. It was concluded that the ensiling of grass with whey powder was effective in improving the nutritional and fermentation quality of silages and provided a partial solution to environmental pollution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Grass
• silage
• whey powder
• fermentation
• aerobic stability

Kaynakça

1. Akyıldız AR, 1986. Yemler Bilgisi ve Teknolojisi. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 974, Ders Kitabı: 286. s: 411. Ankara, Türkiye.
2. AOAC, 1990. Official method of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th ed., pp. 66-88. DC, Washington, USA.
3. Atalay AI, Kamalak A, 2017. The use of Locust Bean Fracture as a Silage Additive for Grass. IV. IMCOFE International Multidisciplinary Congress of Eurasia, 2017, Rome.
4. Atalay, AI, Kamalak, A. 2018. Keçiboynuzu kırığının çayır otu silajının in vitro ve in situ parçalanmasına etkisi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 8(4), 361-367.
5. Atalay AI, Öztürk, D, 2018. Melas ve Defne Yapraği Karişiminin Yonca Silaji Yapiminda Kullanımı. Iğdir International Conference On Multidisciplinary Studies, 2018, Iğdır.
6. Atalay AI, Öztürk D, 2019. Melas Ve Defne Yapraği Karişiminin Yonca Silajinin İn Vitro Gaz Üretimi, Metabolik Enerji Ve Organik Madde Sindirim Derecesine Etkisi. UMTEB 6. Uluslararası Mesleki Ve Teknik Bilimler Kongresi.2019, Iğdır.
7. Cajarville C, Britos A, Garciarena D, Repetto JL, 2012. Temperate Forages Ensiled with Molasses or Fresh Cheese Whey: Effects on Conservation Quality, Effluent Losses and Ruminal Degradation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 171(1): 14-19.
8. Castano GA, Villa LM, 2017. Use of Whey and Molasses as Additive for Producing Silage of Cuba OM-22 (Cenchrus purpureus x Cenchrus glaucum). Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 51: 61-70.

9. El-Shewy AA, 2016. Whey as a Feed Ingredient for Lactating Cattle. Science International, 4: 80–85.
10. Güven İ, Kamalak A, 2021. The Use of Honey Locust Pods as a Silage Additive for Grass. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 4(1): 22-28.
11. El-Tanboly ES, El-Hofi M, Khorshid, 2017. Recovery of Cheese Whey, a By-Product from the Dairy Industry for Use as an Animal Feed. Journal of Nutritional Health and Food Engineering, 6(5): 148–154.
12. Kamalak A, Bal MA, Aydın R, Atalay AI, 2009. Gladiçya Meyvesinin Katkı Maddesi Olarak Yonca Silajında Kullanımı. Tubitak Proje Raporu. 1: 64, Ankara, Türkiye.
13. Karsli MA, Bingöl NT, 2009. The Determination of Planting Density on Herbage Yield and Silage Quality of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Green Mass. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15, 581-586.
14. Kaya İ, Ünal Y, Elmalı DA, 2009. Effects of Different Additives on the Quality of Grass Silage and Rumen Degradability and Rumen Parameters of the grass Silage in Rams. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1): 19-24.
15. Keener L, 2019. Whey Powder and Food Safety Risks: A Lesson in Validation and Verification. Food Safety Magazine. 16 April 2019.
16. Kılıç A, 1984. Silage Feed. Bilgehan Press, ̇350 pp. Izmir, Turkey.
17. Kılıç A, 2006. Hayvan Beslemede Kullanılan Tampon Maddeler. Hasad hayvancılık. 21/251, S. 50-51.
18. Kung LJ, Robinson JR, Ranjit NK, Chen JH, Golt CM, Pesek JD, 2000. Microbial Populations, Fermentation End Products, and Aerobic Stability of Corn Silage Treated with Ammonia or a Propionic Acid-Based Preservative. Journal of Dairy Science, 83, 1479-1486.
19. Küçüköner E, 2011. Peynir Tozu ve Peynir Altı Suyu Tozu Üretimi, 1.Ulusal Helal ve Gıda Kongresi, Gıda Katkı Maddeleri Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri, Ankara, 80-85 s.
20. Levendoğlu T, Karslı MA, 2010. The possibilities of ensiling of wet sugar beet pulp with wheat bran and the determination of silage quality and digestibility (I. Silage quality). Yüzüncü yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3), 175-178.
21. Machin DH, 1999. The Potential Use of Tropical Silage for Livestock Production with Special Reference to Smallholders. FAO Elec-tronic conference on tropical silage. Rome, Italy, 161.
22. Meeske R, 2005. Silage additives: Do they make a difference? South African Journal of Animal Science, 6: 49–55.
23. Nkosi BD, Groenewald IB, Meeske R, Motiang MD, Langa T, 2013. Effects of Inoculating Citrus (Citrus Sinensis) Tree Leaves with Either Bacterial or Whey on the Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Silage. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(9): 792-796.
24. Özüretmen S, Özelçam H, İpçak HH, 2022. Effects of Whey Powder on Fermentation Quality, Nutritive Value, and Digestibility of Alfalfa Silage. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 31(1): 65-72.
25. SPSS, 2017. Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
26. Van Soest PV, Robertson JB, Lewis BA, 1991. Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides In Relation To Animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10): 3583- 3597.
27. Yüksel Ş, 2011. Anason Posalarına Melas ve/veya Laktik Asit Bakteri İnokulantları İlavesinin Silaj Fermantasyon Özellikleri ve Aerobik Stabilite Üzerine Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tekirdağ. 44