Hızlı Yiyecek Olarak Tüketilen Ürünlerin Ambalaj Malzemelerinde Ağır Metal Tayini ve Metot Validasyonu

Öz

Antalya ilinde hızlı yiyecek olarak tüketilen gıdaların paketlenmesi için kullanılan renkli ve renksiz plastik ile renkli kâğıt kökenli 20 adet ambalaj malzemelerinde bulunmasından şüphe duyulan ağır metallerin konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi için bir Perkin Elmer ICP Kütle Dedektörlü Elan DRC-e (ICP-MS) model sistem kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Uygulanan ön hazırlık ve cihaz metotlarının güvenirlik çalışmaları ile analiz sırasında karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözümleri ele alınarak literatüre katkı sunması hedeflenmiştir. Gıda ambalajı olarak kullanılan bu materyallerin bünyelerinde barındırdıklarından şüphe duyulan As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu ve Ni elementlerinin konsantrasyon tayin çalışmalarında kullanılmak üzere matrikse spike yöntemi ile geri kazanım çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca yöntem performansı doğrusallık açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Algılama ve niceleme sınırı, doğruluk, geri kazanım kesinlik verilerinin elde edilmesi ve yöntemi doğrulamak için (Enviro Mat Drinking Water) Sertifikalı Referans Maddenin (SRM) konsantrasyonu için elde edilen geri kazanım sonuçları kullanılmıştır. Şeffaf olarak kullanılan plastik ambalaj ürünlerinde boyalı olan ürünlere göre daha düşük konsantrasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. İzlenen tüm izotoplar için kalibrasyon grafikleri 0,9996'dan daha iyi bir korelasyon katsayısına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırılan tüm elementler için yöntem saptama limitleri 0.08 ve 0.15 μg/L aralığında bulunmuştur. Toplanan numuneler üç gruba ayrılarak Anova testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde çalışılan numunelerin renkli olmasından çok ambalaj materyalinin daha önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Numune konsantrasyonları incelendiğinde ise As ve Ni elementlerine rastlanılmamıştır. Renkli polipropilen numunelerde Cr ve Pb konsantrasyonları, renksiz numunelere göre daha yüksek konsantrasyonlarda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışılan numunelerde Cd, Cr ve Pb konsantrasyonlarının kirlilik kaynağının ürünlerde kullanılan pigmentlerin önemli bileşenler olarak eklenmesi ile ilgili olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hızlı tüketilen yiyecek
• Metot validasyonu
• ICP-MS
• Gıda ambalajı

Validation Methods and Analysis Heavy Metals in Packaging Materials of Fast Food Products

Öz

It was analyzed using a Perkin Elmer ICP Elan with Mass Detector Elan DRC-e (ICP-MS) model system to determine the concentrations of heavy metals suspected to be present in 20 packaging materials of colored and colorless plastic and colored paper origin used for the packaging of fast food consumed in Antalya province. It is aimed to contribute to the literature by addressing the problems and solutions encountered during the analysis with the reliability studies of the applied preparation and device methods. Recovery studies were carried out with matrix spike method to be used in concentration determination studies of As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni elements, which are suspected to be contained in products used as food packaging. In addition, method performance was evaluated in terms of linearity. The recovery results obtained for the (Enviro Mat Drinking Water) Certified Reference Substance (SRM) concentration were used to obtain detection and quantification limit, accuracy, recovery precision data and validate the method. Lower concentrations were determined in the plastic packaging products used as transparent compared to the dyed products. Calibration plots for all monitored isotopes were found to have a correlation coefficient better than 0.9996. Method detection limits for all investigated elements were found in the range of 0.08 and 0.15 μg/L. The collected samples were divided into three groups and the Anova test was applied. When the data obtained were evaluated, it was concluded that the packaging material was more important than the color of the studied samples. When the sample concentrations were examined, As and Ni elements were not found. Cr and Pb concentrations in colored polypropylene samples were found to be higher than in colorless samples. It was concluded that the concentrations of Cd, Cr and Pb in the studied samples may be related to the addition of the source of pollution as important components in the pigments used in the products.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fast food
• Method validation
• ICP-MS
• Food packaging

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