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Thlaspi harungalipii (Brassicaceae), Türkiye'den Yeni Bir Tür

Yıl 2023, , 2485 - 2494, 01.12.2023

Cengiz Karaismailoğlu

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1236298

Öz

Thlaspi harungalipii sp. nova (Brassicaceae) Türkiye'nin güneyinden betimlenmiş ve resimlenmiştir. Bu takson, çiçek ve meyve karakterlerinde açıkça farklılık gösterdiği T. violascens ile benzerdir. Bu çalışmada, yeni türün nükleer kodlu ribozomal iç transkripsiyonlu ayırıcı bölgesine dayalı olarak cins içindeki filogenetik ilişkileri ve tohum mikromorfolojik ve anatomik karakterleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, yeni türün IUCN kategorisi tartışılmış ve dağılımı haritalanmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brassicaceae Cruciferae ITS Thlaspi Taksonomi

Kaynakça

  • Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (1986). The genera of Lepidieae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the Southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 67, 265-311.
  • Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2012). A generic and tribal synopsis of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Taxon, 61, 931-954.
  • Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2014). A synopsis of the genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae: Coluteocarpeae). Harvard Papers in Botany, 19, 25-51.
  • Al-Shehbaz, I. A., Beilstein, M. A. and Kellogg, E. A. (2006). Systematics and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae: An overview. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 259, 89-120.
  • Appel, O. and Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2003). Brassicaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. and C. Bayer. (Eds). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 5. Berlin: Springer.
  • Artelari, R. (2002). Thlaspi. In: Strid, A. and K. Tan. (Eds), Flora Helenica, Vol. 2. Ruggell: Gantner Verlag.
  • Aytac, Z., Nordt, B. and Parolly, G. (2006). A new species of Noccaea (Brassicaceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 409-416.
  • Clapham, A. R. and Akeroyd, J. R. (1993). Thlaspi. In: Tutin, T.G. (ed), Flora Europaea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Davis, P. H. (1965). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Davis, P. H., Mill, R. R. and Tan, K. (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Greuter, W. and Raus, T. (1983). Med-Checklist Notulae, 7. Willdenowia, 13, 79-96.
  • Greuter, W., Burdet, H. M. and Long, G. (1986). Med-Checklist. Vol. 3. Conservatoire et Jarin botniques de la Ville de Genève.
  • Güzel, Y., Özüdoğru, B., Kayikçi, S. and Özgişi, K. (2018). Noccaea ali-atahanii (Brassicaceae): a new species from southern Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Botany, 42, 780-789.
  • Hall, T. (2011). BioEdit: an important software for molecular biology. GERF Bulletin of Biosciences, 2, 60-61. Hedge, I. C. (1965). Thlaspi. In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Vol. 1, pp. 330-341. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • IUCN. (2022). Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 15.1, Cambridge: IUCN species Survival Commission.
  • Karaca, M., İnce, A. G., Elmasulu, S. Y., Onus, A. N. and Turgut, K. (2005). Coisolation of genomic and organelle DNAs from 15 genera and 31 species of plants. Analytical Biochemistry, 343, 353-355.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. (2015). Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Acta Botanica Croatica, 74, 31-41.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. (2016). Addition to characters of endemic Aubrieta canescens subsp. canescens Bornm. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 45, 509-515.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M .C. (2018). Systematic investigations on some taxa of genus Thlaspi L. (Brassicaceae); sections Nomisma DC., Thlaspi L., Pterotropis DC. PhD Thesis. Institute of Science and Technology, İstanbul University, İstanbul.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. and Erol, O. (2018). Seed structure and its taxonomic implications for genus Thlaspi sensu lato sections Nomisma, Thlaspi, and Pterotropis (Brassicaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany, 42, 591-609.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. and Erol, O. (2019). Pollen morphology of some taxa of Thlaspi L. sensu lato (Brassicaceae) from Turkey, and its taxonomical importance. Palynology, 43, 244-254.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. and Erol, O. (2020). Notes on leaf and stem anatomy of Thlaspi sensu lato. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 21, 139-150.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. and Fidan, M. (2021). Cytotaxonomy of eight Thlaspi L. sensu lato (Brassicaceae) species endemic to Turkey. Cytologia, 86, 345-349.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C., İnal, B. and Erol, O. (2022). A systematic study of Thlaspi s.l. taxa in the sections Nomisma, Thlaspi and Pterotropis from Turkey based on fruit morphological and molecular data. Acta Botanica Croatica, 81, 197-205.
  • Khosravi, A. R., Mohsenzadeh, S. and Mummenhoff, K. (2009). Phylogenetic relationships of Old World Brassicaceae from Iran based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 37, 106-115.
  • Koch, M., Hurka, H. and Mummenhoff, K. (1998). Molecular biogeography and evolution of the Microthlaspi perfoliatum s.l. polyploid complex (Brassicaceae. chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA restriction site variation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 76, 382-396.
  • Koch, M. and Mummenhoff, K. (2001). Thlaspi s.str. (Brassicaceae) versus Thlaspi s.l.: Morphological and anatomical characters in the light of ITS nrDNA sequence data. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 227, 209-225.
  • Koch, M. and Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2004). Taxonomic and phylogenetic evaluation of the American ‘Thlaspi’ species: Identity and relationship to the Eurasian genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae). Systematic Botany, 29: 375-384.
  • Koch, M., Dobeš, C., Keifer, C., Schmickl, R., Klimeš, L. and Lysak, M. A. (2007). Super network identifies multiple events of plastid trnF (GAA) pseudogene evolution in the Brassicaceae. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, 63-73.
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. and Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547-1549.
  • Larkin, M. A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N. P., Chenna, R., Mcgettigan, P. A., Mcwilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I. M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J. and Higgins, D. G. (2007). Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23, 2947-2948.
  • Meyer, F. K. (1973). Conspectus der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens. Feddes Repertorium, 84, 449-470.
  • Meyer, F. K. (1979). Kritische Revision der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens. I. Geschichte, Morphologie und Chorologie. Feddes Repertorium, 90, 129-154.
  • Meyer, F. K. (1991). Seed-coat anatomy as a character for a new classification of Thlaspi. Flora et Vegeation Mundi, 9, 9-15.
  • Meyer, F. K. (2001). Kritische Revision der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens, Spezieller Tiel, II. Thlaspi L. Haussknechtia, 8, 3-42.
  • Meyer, F. K. (2003). Kritische Revision der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens, Spezieller Tiel, III. Microthlaspi F.K. Mey. Haussknechtia, 9, 3-59.
  • Meyer, F. K. (2006). Kritische Revision der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas un Vorderasiens. Spezieller Teil. IX. Noccaea Moench. Haussknechtia, 12, 1-341.
  • Moorhouse-Gann, R. J., Dunn, J. C., De Vere, N., Goder, M., Cole, N., Hipperson, H. and Symondson, W. O. C. (2018). New universal ITS2 primers for high-resolution herbivory analyses using DNA metabarcoding in both tropical and temperate zones. Scientific Reports, 8, 8542.
  • Mummenhoff, K. and Zunk, K. (1991). Should Thlaspi (Brassicaceae) be split? Preliminary evidence from isoelectric focusing analysis of Rubisco. Taxon, 40, 427-434.
  • Mummenhoff, K. and Koch, M. (1994). Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and phylogenetic relationships in the genus Thlaspi sensu lato (Brassicaceae). Systematic Botany, 19, 73-88.
  • Mummenhoff, K., Franzke, A. and Koch, M. (1997a). Molecular data reveal convergence in fruit characters used in the classification of Thlaspi s.l. (Brassicaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 125, 183-199.
  • Mummenhoff, K., Franzke, A. and Koch, M. (1997b). Molecular phylogenetics of Thlaspi sl. (Brassicaceae) based on chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Canadian Journal of Botany, 75, 469-482.
  • Özgişi, K., Ocak, A. And Ozudogru, B. (2018). Noccaea birolmutlui, a New Crucifer Species from South West Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa, 345, 059-067.
  • Post, G. (1893). Plantae postianae. l'Herbier Boissier, 1, 16.
  • Thiers, B. (2016). Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York: Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/
  • Warwick, S. I., Mummenhoff, K., Sauder, C. A., Koch, M. A. and Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2010). Closing the gaps: phylogenetic relationships in the Brassicaceae based on DNA sequence data of nuclear ribosomal ITS region. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 285, 209-232.

Thlaspi harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey

Yıl 2023, , 2485 - 2494, 01.12.2023

Cengiz Karaismailoğlu

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1236298

Öz

Thlaspi harungalipii sp. nova (Brassicaceae) is described and illustrated from Southern of Turkey. This taxon is similar to T. violascens, from which it clearly differs in flower and fruit characters. In this study, the seed micromorphological and anatomical characters, and phylogenetic relations within the genus based on the nuclear-encoded ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of the new species are determined. Furthermore, the IUCN category of the new species is discussed, and its distribution is mapped.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brassicaceae Cruciferae ITS Thlaspi Taxonomy

Kaynakça

  • Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (1986). The genera of Lepidieae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the Southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 67, 265-311.
  • Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2012). A generic and tribal synopsis of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Taxon, 61, 931-954.
  • Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2014). A synopsis of the genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae: Coluteocarpeae). Harvard Papers in Botany, 19, 25-51.
  • Al-Shehbaz, I. A., Beilstein, M. A. and Kellogg, E. A. (2006). Systematics and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae: An overview. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 259, 89-120.
  • Appel, O. and Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2003). Brassicaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. and C. Bayer. (Eds). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 5. Berlin: Springer.
  • Artelari, R. (2002). Thlaspi. In: Strid, A. and K. Tan. (Eds), Flora Helenica, Vol. 2. Ruggell: Gantner Verlag.
  • Aytac, Z., Nordt, B. and Parolly, G. (2006). A new species of Noccaea (Brassicaceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 409-416.
  • Clapham, A. R. and Akeroyd, J. R. (1993). Thlaspi. In: Tutin, T.G. (ed), Flora Europaea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Davis, P. H. (1965). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Davis, P. H., Mill, R. R. and Tan, K. (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Greuter, W. and Raus, T. (1983). Med-Checklist Notulae, 7. Willdenowia, 13, 79-96.
  • Greuter, W., Burdet, H. M. and Long, G. (1986). Med-Checklist. Vol. 3. Conservatoire et Jarin botniques de la Ville de Genève.
  • Güzel, Y., Özüdoğru, B., Kayikçi, S. and Özgişi, K. (2018). Noccaea ali-atahanii (Brassicaceae): a new species from southern Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Botany, 42, 780-789.
  • Hall, T. (2011). BioEdit: an important software for molecular biology. GERF Bulletin of Biosciences, 2, 60-61. Hedge, I. C. (1965). Thlaspi. In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Vol. 1, pp. 330-341. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • IUCN. (2022). Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 15.1, Cambridge: IUCN species Survival Commission.
  • Karaca, M., İnce, A. G., Elmasulu, S. Y., Onus, A. N. and Turgut, K. (2005). Coisolation of genomic and organelle DNAs from 15 genera and 31 species of plants. Analytical Biochemistry, 343, 353-355.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. (2015). Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Acta Botanica Croatica, 74, 31-41.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. (2016). Addition to characters of endemic Aubrieta canescens subsp. canescens Bornm. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 45, 509-515.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M .C. (2018). Systematic investigations on some taxa of genus Thlaspi L. (Brassicaceae); sections Nomisma DC., Thlaspi L., Pterotropis DC. PhD Thesis. Institute of Science and Technology, İstanbul University, İstanbul.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. and Erol, O. (2018). Seed structure and its taxonomic implications for genus Thlaspi sensu lato sections Nomisma, Thlaspi, and Pterotropis (Brassicaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany, 42, 591-609.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. and Erol, O. (2019). Pollen morphology of some taxa of Thlaspi L. sensu lato (Brassicaceae) from Turkey, and its taxonomical importance. Palynology, 43, 244-254.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. and Erol, O. (2020). Notes on leaf and stem anatomy of Thlaspi sensu lato. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 21, 139-150.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C. and Fidan, M. (2021). Cytotaxonomy of eight Thlaspi L. sensu lato (Brassicaceae) species endemic to Turkey. Cytologia, 86, 345-349.
  • Karaismailoğlu, M. C., İnal, B. and Erol, O. (2022). A systematic study of Thlaspi s.l. taxa in the sections Nomisma, Thlaspi and Pterotropis from Turkey based on fruit morphological and molecular data. Acta Botanica Croatica, 81, 197-205.
  • Khosravi, A. R., Mohsenzadeh, S. and Mummenhoff, K. (2009). Phylogenetic relationships of Old World Brassicaceae from Iran based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 37, 106-115.
  • Koch, M., Hurka, H. and Mummenhoff, K. (1998). Molecular biogeography and evolution of the Microthlaspi perfoliatum s.l. polyploid complex (Brassicaceae. chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA restriction site variation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 76, 382-396.
  • Koch, M. and Mummenhoff, K. (2001). Thlaspi s.str. (Brassicaceae) versus Thlaspi s.l.: Morphological and anatomical characters in the light of ITS nrDNA sequence data. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 227, 209-225.
  • Koch, M. and Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2004). Taxonomic and phylogenetic evaluation of the American ‘Thlaspi’ species: Identity and relationship to the Eurasian genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae). Systematic Botany, 29: 375-384.
  • Koch, M., Dobeš, C., Keifer, C., Schmickl, R., Klimeš, L. and Lysak, M. A. (2007). Super network identifies multiple events of plastid trnF (GAA) pseudogene evolution in the Brassicaceae. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, 63-73.
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. and Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547-1549.
  • Larkin, M. A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N. P., Chenna, R., Mcgettigan, P. A., Mcwilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I. M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J. and Higgins, D. G. (2007). Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23, 2947-2948.
  • Meyer, F. K. (1973). Conspectus der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens. Feddes Repertorium, 84, 449-470.
  • Meyer, F. K. (1979). Kritische Revision der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens. I. Geschichte, Morphologie und Chorologie. Feddes Repertorium, 90, 129-154.
  • Meyer, F. K. (1991). Seed-coat anatomy as a character for a new classification of Thlaspi. Flora et Vegeation Mundi, 9, 9-15.
  • Meyer, F. K. (2001). Kritische Revision der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens, Spezieller Tiel, II. Thlaspi L. Haussknechtia, 8, 3-42.
  • Meyer, F. K. (2003). Kritische Revision der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens, Spezieller Tiel, III. Microthlaspi F.K. Mey. Haussknechtia, 9, 3-59.
  • Meyer, F. K. (2006). Kritische Revision der “Thlaspi”-Arten Europas, Afrikas un Vorderasiens. Spezieller Teil. IX. Noccaea Moench. Haussknechtia, 12, 1-341.
  • Moorhouse-Gann, R. J., Dunn, J. C., De Vere, N., Goder, M., Cole, N., Hipperson, H. and Symondson, W. O. C. (2018). New universal ITS2 primers for high-resolution herbivory analyses using DNA metabarcoding in both tropical and temperate zones. Scientific Reports, 8, 8542.
  • Mummenhoff, K. and Zunk, K. (1991). Should Thlaspi (Brassicaceae) be split? Preliminary evidence from isoelectric focusing analysis of Rubisco. Taxon, 40, 427-434.
  • Mummenhoff, K. and Koch, M. (1994). Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and phylogenetic relationships in the genus Thlaspi sensu lato (Brassicaceae). Systematic Botany, 19, 73-88.
  • Mummenhoff, K., Franzke, A. and Koch, M. (1997a). Molecular data reveal convergence in fruit characters used in the classification of Thlaspi s.l. (Brassicaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 125, 183-199.
  • Mummenhoff, K., Franzke, A. and Koch, M. (1997b). Molecular phylogenetics of Thlaspi sl. (Brassicaceae) based on chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Canadian Journal of Botany, 75, 469-482.
  • Özgişi, K., Ocak, A. And Ozudogru, B. (2018). Noccaea birolmutlui, a New Crucifer Species from South West Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa, 345, 059-067.
  • Post, G. (1893). Plantae postianae. l'Herbier Boissier, 1, 16.
  • Thiers, B. (2016). Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York: Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/
  • Warwick, S. I., Mummenhoff, K., Sauder, C. A., Koch, M. A. and Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2010). Closing the gaps: phylogenetic relationships in the Brassicaceae based on DNA sequence data of nuclear ribosomal ITS region. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 285, 209-232.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Biyoloji / Biology
Yazarlar

Cengiz Karaismailoğlu 0000-0002-6856-2742

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Kasım 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ocak 2023
Kabul Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaismailoğlu, C. (2023). Thlaspi harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 13(4), 2485-2494. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1236298
AMA Karaismailoğlu C. Thlaspi harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Aralık 2023;13(4):2485-2494. doi:10.21597/jist.1236298
Chicago Karaismailoğlu, Cengiz. “Thlaspi Harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13, sy. 4 (Aralık 2023): 2485-94. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1236298.
EndNote Karaismailoğlu C (01 Aralık 2023) Thlaspi harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13 4 2485–2494.
IEEE C. Karaismailoğlu, “Thlaspi harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 13, sy. 4, ss. 2485–2494, 2023, doi: 10.21597/jist.1236298.
ISNAD Karaismailoğlu, Cengiz. “Thlaspi Harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13/4 (Aralık 2023), 2485-2494. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1236298.
JAMA Karaismailoğlu C. Thlaspi harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13:2485–2494.
MLA Karaismailoğlu, Cengiz. “Thlaspi Harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 13, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 2485-94, doi:10.21597/jist.1236298.
Vancouver Karaismailoğlu C. Thlaspi harungalipii (Brassicaceae), A New Species from Turkey. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13(4):2485-94.