Examination of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of A Tau-fluvalinate-containing Insecticide Using Allium Test

Öz

Nowadays, pesticides are widely used in agricultural activities, and their intensive and indiscriminate use causes pesticides to threaten public health and the ecosystem. As with many environmental pollutants, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of pesticides have been a concern for many years. In this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of a synthetic pyrethroid tau-fluvalinate-containing insecticide (Mavrik® 2F) on Allium cepa root tip meristems were investigated. As a result of the root growth inhibition test, the effective concentration (EC50) for tau-fluvalinate was found to be 330 mg/L. Afterwards, onion roots were exposed to three different tau-fluvalinate concentrations (165, 330 and 660 mg/L) for 24 hours and mitotic index (MI), phase index (PI) values and chromosome aberration (CA) frequencies were calculated by microscopic examinations. After the statistical analyzes, as well as the conclusion that the tau-fluvalinate-containing model insecticide showed the root elongation-inhibiting effect, it was concluded that it had cytotoxicity because it decreased MI value and changed the PI values in A. cepa and that it had genotoxicity because it increased the formation of CA. In addition, in the case of the use of the model insecticide, it was assessed that 330 mg/L tau-fluvalinate concentration could cause sublethal effects and that 660 mg/L tau-fluvalinate concentration could cause lethal effects on A. cepa. In the light of the results of this study, it is recommended to be very careful during the use of pesticides containing tau-fluvalinate in agricultural activities and to apply concentrations much lower than 165 mg/L in order to reduce their toxic effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pesticide
• Tau-fluvalinate
• EC50
• Cytotoxic effect
• Genotoxic effect
• Allium cepa

Tau-fluvalinat İçerikli Bir İnsektisitin Sitotoksik ve Genotoksik Etkilerinin Allium Testi Kullanılarak İncelenmesi

Öz

Günümüzde pestisitler tarımsal faaliyetlerde oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılmakta ve yoğun ve gelişigüzel kullanılmaları, pestisitlerin halk sağlığını ve ekosistemi tehdit etmesine neden olmaktadır. Birçok çevresel kirleticide olduğu gibi pestisitlerin de sitotoksik ve genotoksik etkileri yıllardır bir endişe kaynağıdır. Bu çalışmada sentetik bir piretroid olan tau-fluvalinat içerikli bir insektisitin (Mavrik® 2F) Allium cepa kök ucu meristemleri üzerindeki sitotoksik ve genotoksik etkileri incelenmiştir. Kök büyüme inhibisyon testi sonucunda tau-fluvalinat için etkili konsantrasyon (EC50) 330 mg/L olarak bulunmuştur. Sonrasında soğan kökleri 24 saat boyunca 3 farklı tau-fluvalinat konsantrasyonuna (165, 330 ve 660 mg/L) maruz bırakılmış ve yapılan mikroskobik incelemeler ile mitotik indeks (Mİ), faz indeksi (Fİ) değerleri ve kromozom aberasyon (KA) sıklıkları hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan istatistiksel analizler neticesinde, tau-fluvalinat içerikli model insektisitin A. cepa’da kök uzamasını inhibe edici etki gösterdiği sonucunun yanı sıra, Mİ değerini azalttığı ve Fİ değerlerini değiştirdiği için sitotoksisiteye ve KA oluşumunu artırdığı için genotoksisiteye sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca model insektisitin kullanılması durumunda, A. cepa üzerinde 330 mg/L tau-fluvalinat konsantrasyonunun subletal etkilere, 660 mg/L tau-fluvalinat konsantrasyonunun ise letal etkilere neden olabileceği değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları ışığında tau-fluvalinat içeren pestisitlerin tarımsal faaliyetlerde kullanımı esnasında çok dikkatli olunması ve toksik etkilerinin azaltılması için 165 mg/L’nin çok daha altında konsantrasyonlarının uygulanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pestisit
• Tau-fluvalinat
• EC50
• Sitotoksik etki
• Genotoksik etki
• Allium cepa

Kaynakça

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