Comprehensive Analysis of Physico-mechanical, Color, and FT-IR Properties in Diverse Wheat Varieties

Yıl 2024, , 1031 - 1049, 01.09.2024

Alperay Altıkat , Mehmet Hakkı Alma

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1489821

Öz

In this research, physical and mechanical properties, as well as color changes and FT-IR analyzes of 13 different wheat varieties, which are intensively produced, were examined. For this purpose, Altay, Harmankaya, Çetinel, Yunus, Mufitbey, Soyer 02, Dumlupınar, Bezostaja, Sönmez, ES-26, Reis, Karaman2000, and Nacibey varieties were used. As a result of the research the Soyer-02 variety exhibited the largest seed width (3.42 mm) and thickness (2.96 mm), while the Müfitbey variety had the smallest width (2.72 mm) and thickness (2.36 mm). Dumlupınar showed the greatest seed length (7.82 mm), with Müfitbey having the shortest (6.07 mm). Surface area was greatest in Dumlupınar (53.35 mm²) and lowest in Müfitbey (36.03 mm²). Arithmetic and geometric mean diameters were largest in Dumlupınar (4.61 mm and 4.12 mm, respectively), with Müfitbey showing the smallest (3.72 mm and 3.54 mm). Sphericity ranged from 61.22% in Reis to 52.67% in Dumlupınar. The thousand-kernel weight varied significantly, with Reis recording the highest (46.36 g) and Altay the lowest (33.58 g). Fracture resistance was highest in Dumlupınar and Bezostaja (10.89 N to 11.3 N), with the lowest in Altay (5.89 N). Color analysis revealed L values ranging from 63.77 in Çetinel to 51.16 in Harmankaya, with all varieties showing positive 'a' values, indicating red tones, and 'b' values indicating yellow tones, with Soyer-02 having the highest (32.81) and Harmankaya the lowest (24.68). FT-IR analysis revealed broad O-H stretch vibrations (3270-3300 1/cm) in Müfitbey, Altay, Soyer, and Reis, suggesting high moisture or phenolic content. Amide I (1640-1650 1/cm) and Amide II (1540-1545 1/cm) bands in Bezostaja, Yunus, Dumlupınar, and Çetinel indicated high protein content. Aliphatic C-H stretch vibrations (2920-2925 1/cm and 2850-2854 1/cm) in ES-26 and Karaman 2000 suggested high lipid content, while carbohydrate-specific C-O and C-C stretch vibrations (1000-1240 1/cm) in Sönmez and Harmankaya suggested high starch content.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wheat varieties, Physico-mechanical properties, Color analysis, FT-IR, Seed dimensions

Farklı Buğday Çeşitlerinde Fiziko-mekanik, Renk ve FT-IR Özelliklerinin Kapsamlı Analizi

Öz

Bu araştırmada, yoğun olarak üretilen 13 farklı buğday çeşidinin fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri, renk değişimleri ve FT-IR analizleri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla; Altay, Harmankaya, Çetinel, Yunus, Müfitbey, Soyer 02, Dumlupınar, Bezostaja, Sönmez, ES-26, Reis, Karaman 2000 ve Nacibey çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, tohum genişliği ve kalınlığı en büyük olan çeşit Soyer-02 (3.42 mm ve 2.96 mm), en küçük olan ise Müfitbey (2.72 mm ve 2.36 mm) olarak belirlenmiştir. Tohum uzunluğu bakımından Dumlupınar en uzun (7.82 mm), Müfitbey ise en kısa (6.07 mm) olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Yüzey alanı en büyük Dumlupınar'da (53.35 mm²) ve en küçük Müfitbey'de (36.03 mm²) bulunmuştur. Aritmetik ve geometrik ortalama çaplar açısından en büyük değerler Dumlupınar'da (4.61 mm ve 4.12 mm), en küçük değerler ise Müfitbey'de (3.72 mm ve 3.54 mm) ölçülmüştür. Küresellik, Reis'te %61.22 ile en yüksek seviyede, Dumlupınar'da %52.67 ile en düşük seviyede bulunmuştur. Bin-tane ağırlığı açısından en ağır çeşit Reis (46.36 g), en hafif çeşit ise Altay (33.58 g) olarak kaydedilmiştir. Kırılma direnci bakımından en yüksek değerler Dumlupınar ve Bezostaja'da (10.89 N ile 11.3 N), en düşük değer ise Altay'da (5.89 N) bulunmuştur. Renk analizinde, L değerleri en yüksek Çetinel'de (63.77), en düşük ise Harmankaya'da (51.16) olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm çeşitlerde pozitif 'a' değerleri kırmızı tonlarını, 'b' değerleri ise sarı tonlarını göstermiştir; en yüksek 'b' değeri Soyer-02'de (32.81) ve en düşük Harmankaya'da (24.68) bulunmuştur. FT-IR analizinde, Müfitbey, Altay, Soyer ve Reis'te geniş O-H gerilme titreşimlerinin (3270-3300 1/cm) yüksek nem veya fenolik içeriği gösterdiği düşünülmüştür. Bezostaja, Yunus, Dumlupınar ve Çetinel'de Amide I (1640-1650 1/cm) ve Amide II (1540-1545 1/cm) bantları yüksek protein içeriğine işaret etmiştir. ES-26 ve Karaman 2000'de alifatik C-H gerilme titreşimleri (2920-2925 1/cm ve 2850-2854 1/cm) yüksek lipid içeriğini gösterirken, Sönmez ve Harmankaya'da karbonhidrat spesifik C-O ve C-C gerilme titreşimleri (1000-1240 1/cm) yüksek nişasta içeriğini düşündürmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Buğday çeşitleri, Fiziko-mekanik özellikler, Renk analizi, FT-IR, Tohum boyutları

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