A Novel Approach For The Evaluation Of Bio-Oils Obtained From Chestnut Shells By Different Processes

Yıl 2024, , 1636 - 1644, 01.12.2024

Yunus Başar , Mehmet Salih Nas , Mehmet Hakkı Alma , İbrahim Demirtaş

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1516941

Öz

In this study, the contents of both extraction liquid and pyrolysis liquid products of chestnut shells were characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). In LC-MS/MS analyses; sample samples obtained from different processes were determined using 41 phenolic standards. The results of LC-MS/MS analysis showed that both the type and amount of phenolic compounds in the liquid extract were significantly higher than those in the pyrolysis liquid. According to the analysis results, very valuable phenolic compounds such as catechin (2526.96 µg/g extract), gallic acid (175.02 µg/g extract), protocatechuic acid (76.47 µg/g extract) were obtained in high amounts. FTIR analysis of the liquid samples obtained by two different processes was performed. GC-MS analysis revealed stearic acid methyl ester (28.78%), palmitic acid methyl ester (27.81%) and o-xylene (9.29%) in the liquid extract. However, higher amounts of linoleic acid, methyl ester (32.45%), palmitic acid methyl ester (23.06%) and linolenic acid, methyl ester oleic acid, methyl ester (11.32%) compounds were detected in the liquid extract obtained by pyrolysis compared to the normal liquid extract content. All these findings show that the processing method and physicochemical conditions are very important in obtaining valuable compounds such as phenolic and organic acids from plant products such as chestnut bark.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bio-Oils, Pyrolysis, Phenolic, Characterization

Teşekkür

1.HAKEM ÖNERİSİ ÜNVANI: Doç.Dr ADI: Ümit SOYADI: YILDIKO MAİL ADRESİ: [e-mail] KURUMU: Kars Üniversitesi BÖLÜMÜ: Kimya UZMANLIK ALANI: Spesifik cihaz analiz uzmanı, Sensör uzmanı 2.HAKEM ÖNERİSİ ÜNVANI: Dr.Öğr.Üyesi ADI:Adnan SOYADI: YILDIZ MAİL ADRESİ: [e-mail] KURUMU: Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversites BÖLÜMÜ:Kimya UZMANLIK ALANI: Spesifik cihaz analiz uzmanı 3.HAKEM ÖNERİSİ: ÜNVANI:Prof. Dr. ADI:Ramazan SOYADI:ERENLER MAİL ADRESİ: [e-mail] KURUMU: Tokat Üniversitesi BÖLÜMÜ:Kimya UZMANLIK ALANI: Spesifik cihaz analiz uzmanı, Ekstraksiyon çalışmaları, antibakteriyal alanında uzman Not: Önermiş olduğum hakemler ile aynı kurumda çalışmadığımı beyan ederim.

Kaynakça

• Ahmed, N., Zeeshan, M., Iqbal, N., Farooq, M. Z., & Shah, S. A. (2018). Investigation on bio-oil yield and quality with scrap tire addition in sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 196, 927–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2018.06.142
• Barreira, J. C. M., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., Oliveira, M. B. P. P., & Pereira, J. A. (2008). Antioxidant activities of the extracts from chestnut flower, leaf, skins and fruit. Food Chemistry, 107(3), 1106–1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2007.09.030
• Başar, Y., & Erenler, R. (2024). Phytochemical analysis of Silybum marianum flowers: Quantitative analysis of natural compounds and molecular docking application. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 7(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.38059/BIODIVERSITY.1450643
• Başar, Y., Hosaflıoğlu, İ., & Erenler, R. (2024). Phytochemical analysis of Robinia pseudoacacia flowers and leaf: quantitative analysis of natural compounds and molecular docking application. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.1446241
• Başar, Y., Nas, S., Alma, H., Demirtaş, İ., & Calimli, H. (2024). Chemical structure and characterization of bio-oils isolated from walnut shells by different processes. Journal of Scientifi Reports-A, 57, 144–152. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jsr-a
• Başar, Y., Yeni̇gün, S., Gül, F., Ozen, T., Demi̇rtas, İ., Hakkı Alma, M., & Temel, S. (2024). Phytochemical profiling, molecular docking and ADMET prediction of crude extract of Atriplex nitens Schkuhr for the screening of antioxidant and urease inhibitory. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 8(1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.32571/IJCT.1389719
• Başar, Y., Yenigün, S., İpek, Y., Behçet, L., Gül, F., Özen, T., Demirtaş, İ.,. (2023). DNA protection, molecular docking, enzyme inhibition and enzyme kinetic studies of 1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid isolated from Nepeta aristata with bio-guided fractionation. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2023.2250461
• Capanoglu, E., Nemli, E., & Tomas-Barberan, F. (2022). Novel Approaches in the Valorization of Agricultural Wastes and Their Applications. Cite This: J. Agric. Food Chem, 2022, 6787–6804. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07104
• Hanafiah, M. A. K. M., Ngah, W. S. W., Zolkafly, S. H., Teong, L. C., & Majid, Z. A. A. (2012). Acid Blue 25 adsorption on base treated Shorea dasyphylla sawdust: Kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic and spectroscopic analysis. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 24(2), 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60764-X
• Melikoglu, M., Lin, C. S. K., & Webb, C. (2013). Analysing global food waste problem: Pinpointing the facts and estimating the energy content. Central European Journal of Engineering, 3(2), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.2478/S13531-012-0058-5/MACHINEREADABLECITATION/RIS
• Morrone, L., Dall’Asta, C., Silvanini, A., Cirlini, M., Beghè, D., Fabbri, A., & Ganino, T. (2015). The influence of seasonality on total fat and fatty acids profile, protein and amino acid, and antioxidant properties of traditional Italian flours from different chestnut cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 192, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCIENTA.2015.04.018
• Naik, D. V., Kumar, V., Prasad, B., Poddar, M. K., Behera, B., Bal, R., Khatri, O. P., Adhikari, D. K., & Garg, M. O. (2014). Catalytic cracking of jatropha-derived fast pyrolysis oils with VGO and their NMR characterization. RSC Advances, 5(1), 398–409. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA08128E
• Piazza, S., Martinelli, G., Fumagalli, M., Pozzoli, C., Maranta, N., Giavarini, F., Colombo, L., Nicotra, G., Vicentini, S. F., Genova, F., De Fabiani, E., Sangiovanni, E., & Dell’Agli, M. (2023). Ellagitannins from Castanea sativa Mill. Leaf Extracts Impair H. pylori Viability and Infection-Induced Inflammation in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells. Nutrients, 15(6), 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/NU15061504/S1
• Suna, S., Avşar, B., Koçer, S., & Çopur, Ö. U. (2021). Effects of different pretreatments on the physicochemical characteristics and quality criteria of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) pickle: A new value-added product. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45(7), e15669. https://doi.org/10.1111/JFPP.15669
• Uzun, B. B., & Yaman, E. (2014). Thermogravimetric characteristics and kinetics of scrap tyre and Juglans regia shell co-pyrolysis. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0734242X14539722, 32(10), 961–970. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X14539722
• Vella, F. M., Laratta, B., La Cara, F., & Morana, A. (2018). Recovery of bioactive molecules from chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by-products through extraction by different solvents. Natural Product Research, 32(9), 1022–1032. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1378199
• Yang, J. L., Fang, F., & Zhou, J. Bin. (2013). Effect of microstructure and surface chemistry in liquid-phase adsorptive nicotine by almond-shell-based activated carbon. Chinese Science Bulletin 2013 58:30, 58(30), 3715–3720. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11434-013-6040-7
• Yenigün, S., Başar, Y., İpek, Y., Behçet, L., Özen, T., & Demirtaş, İ. (2024). Determination of antioxidant, DNA protection, enzyme inhibition potential and molecular docking studies of a biomarker ursolic acid in Nepeta species. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 42(11), 5799–5816. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2023.2229440