Yaya Trafik Kazalarının Şiddetinin Tahmini ile Sürücü ve Yaya Kusurlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları olan AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, K-En Yakın Komşular, Lojistik Regresyon, Destek Vektörü Sınıflandırıcısı, Karar Ağacı ve Rastgele Orman kullanılarak yaralı yaya sayısına göre kazaların şiddetini sınıflandırmak amacıyla yayaların karıştığı trafik kazaları incelenmiştir. Rastgele Orman modeli, yayaların karıştığı trafik kazalarını sınıflandırmak için en iyi model olarak belirlenmiş, %95'lik yüksek tahmin doğruluğu, 0,95'lik F1 puanı elde etmiş ve düşük hata ölçütleri göstermiştir. Araştırmada, yaya geçitlerinin varlığı, kavşak türü, sürücü yaşı, günün saati, ay ve mevsimsel değişiklikler gibi faktörlerin yanı sıra hem sürücü hem de yaya kusurları analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kavşak olmayan yerlerdeki kazaların öncelikle hız yapmak gibi sürücü hatalarından kaynaklandığını, istenmeyen yerlerde geçmek gibi yaya hatalarının da genel kaza oranına önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular, trafik güvenliğini artırmak ve yaya yaralanmalarını ve ölümlerini azaltmak için yaya kazalarının özelliklerine ilişkin değerli bilgiler sunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kaza
• Yaya
• Makine Öğrenmesi
• Kusurlar

Prediction of Pedestrian Traffic Accident Severity and Evaluation of Driver and Pedestrian Faults

Öz

This study investigated pedestrians involved traffic accidents with the aim of classifying the severity of accidents based on the number of injured pedestrians using machine learning algorithms, including AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression, Support Vector Classifier, Decision Tree, and Random Forest. The Random Forest model was identified as the best model for classifying pedestrian-involved traffic accidents, achieving high predictive accuracy of 95%, an F1 score of 0.95, and demonstrating low error metrics. The research analyzed both driver and pedestrian faults, alongside factors such as the presence of pedestrian crossings, intersection type, driver age, time of day, month and seasonal variations. The results revealed that accidents at locations without intersections were primarily caused by driver faults, such as speeding, while pedestrian faults, such as crossing at unintended locations, also significantly contribute to the overall accident rate. The findings offered valuable insights into the characteristics of pedestrian accidents to improve traffic safety and reduce pedestrian injuries and fatalities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Accident
• Pedestrian
• Machine learning
• Faults

Kaynakça

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