Conversion of Waste into Bioactive Resources for Sustainable Aquaculture Industry

Öz

Projections suggest that by 2050 the world’s population will be close to 9.7 billion. Such rapid growth will put extra pressure on food supplies, making secure and sustainable nutrition strategies more important than ever. Among the possible solutions, aquaculture has a special place. It provides a steady source of animal protein and, compared with many other food production systems, leaves a smaller environmental footprint. Yet the sector faces a major challenge: about one-third of the catch from fisheries and aquaculture roughly 35% is lost or thrown away. This waste has both environmental and economic costs. Recently, however, awareness of sustainability and better waste management has sparked interest in turning these discarded materials into useful resources. Fish skin, scales, and mucus, for example, are now being explored as valuable sources of compounds like collagen, antimicrobial peptides, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and omega-3 fatty acids. These components can help repair tissues, lower inflammation, fight microbes, and act as antioxidants. Advances in processing and extraction methods are making it easier to recover such compounds and feed them back into the economy as part of a circular system. This not only cuts down on waste but also supports broader environmental goals, including those outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals especially SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). This review takes a closer look at the economic and environmental value of using marine waste and seafood by-products. It focuses on high-value ingredients such as collagen, gelatin, protein isolates, and bioactive peptides, and discusses how these can be used across a range of industries, from food and cosmetics to healthcare and animal feed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Collagen
• Antimicrobials
• Healing
• Fish
• Waste

Sürdürülebilir Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Endüstrisi İçin Atıkların Biyoaktif Kaynaklara Dönüştürülmesi

Öz

Tahminler, 2050 yılına kadar dünya nüfusunun 9,7 milyara yakın olacağını gösteriyor. Bu hızlı büyüme, gıda kaynaklarına ekstra baskı uygulayarak güvenli ve sürdürülebilir beslenme stratejilerini her zamankinden daha önemli hale getirecek. Olası çözümler arasında su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği özel bir yere sahip. İstikrarlı bir hayvansal protein kaynağı sağlıyor ve diğer birçok gıda üretim sistemiyle karşılaştırıldığında daha küçük bir çevresel ayak izi bırakıyor. Ancak sektör büyük bir zorlukla karşı karşıya: balıkçılık ve su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinden elde edilen avın yaklaşık üçte biri (yaklaşık %35'i) kayboluyor veya atılıyor. Bu atıkların hem çevresel hem de ekonomik maliyetleri var. Ancak son zamanlarda, sürdürülebilirlik ve daha iyi atık yönetimi konusundaki farkındalık, bu atık malzemelerin faydalı kaynaklara dönüştürülmesine olan ilgiyi artırdı. Örneğin balık derisi, pulları ve mukusu, kolajen, antimikrobiyal peptitler, glikoproteinler, polisakkaritler ve omega-3 yağ asitleri gibi değerli bileşik kaynakları olarak araştırılıyor. Bu bileşenler dokuların onarılmasına, iltihabın azaltılmasına, mikroplarla savaşılmasına ve antioksidan görevi görmesine yardımcı olabilir. İşleme ve ekstraksiyon yöntemlerindeki gelişmeler, bu tür bileşiklerin geri kazanılmasını ve döngüsel bir sistemin parçası olarak ekonomiye geri kazandırılmasını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu, yalnızca atıkları azaltmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri'nde (SDG 12 (Sorumlu Tüketim ve Üretim) ve SDG 14 (Su Altında Yaşam) belirtilenler de dahil olmak üzere daha geniş kapsamlı çevresel hedefleri de desteklemektedir. Bu inceleme, deniz atıkları ve deniz ürünleri yan ürünlerinin kullanımının ekonomik ve çevresel değerine daha yakından bakmaktadır. Kolajen, jelatin, protein izolatları ve biyoaktif peptitler gibi yüksek değerli bileşenlere odaklanmakta ve bunların gıda ve kozmetikten sağlık hizmetlerine ve hayvan yemine kadar çeşitli sektörlerde nasıl kullanılabileceğini ele almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kolojen
• Antimikrobial
• Sağlık
• Balık
• Atık

Kaynakça

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