Çift Katmanlı Elektrotlarda Biriktirme Sırasının Etkileri: Elektrokimyasal Yöntemle PANI/ZnO ve ZnO/PANI Hazırlanması

Öz

Gözenekli nikel köpük, iletken bir iskelet olarak kullanılarak elektrodepozisyon yöntemiyle polianilin (PANI) ve çinko oksit (ZnO) tabakalarından oluşan çift katmanlı elektrotlar üretildi. İki farklı yapı hazırlandı: PANI/ZnO, yani önce PANI’nın biriktirilip ardından ZnO ile kaplanması; ve ZnO/PANI, yani önce ZnO’nun biriktirilip ardından PANI tabakası ile kaplanması. Elektrokimyasal karakterizasyon, kaplama sırasının performansta belirleyici bir rol oynadığını ortaya koydu. Döngüsel voltametri sonuçları, PANI/ZnO elektrotlarının 0–1 V potansiyel aralığında daha geniş voltamogram profilleri sergilediğini ve mükemmel elektrokimyasal erişilebilirlik sağladığını gösterdi. Galvanostatik şarj–deşarj testleri, her iki çift katmanlı elektrotun da tek bileşenli ZnO ve PANI elektrotlardan daha iyi performans gösterdiğini doğruladı. Özellikle ZnO/PANI, yüksek akım yoğunluklarında biraz daha uzun deşarj süreleri ve daha yüksek kapasitans değerleri sundu. Ragone analizi, ZnO/PANI’nin yüksek hız koşullarında üstün enerji–güç dengesi sağladığını; buna karşılık PANI/ZnO’nun olağanüstü çevrim kararlılığı göstererek uzun süreli döngüden sonra dahi neredeyse tüm kapasitansını koruduğunu ortaya koydu. Bu sonuçlar, her iki çift katmanlı yapının da PANI ve ZnO’nun avantajlarını birleştirdiğini ancak farklı üstünlüklere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir: PANI/ZnO yüksek kararlılığı ile öne çıkarken, ZnO/PANI yüksek hızlı uygulamalar için daha uygundur. Bulgular, hibrit polimer/oksit elektrotların optimizasyonunda kaplama sırasının önemini vurgulamakta ve bu yapıların yeni nesil yüksek performanslı süperkapasitörler için umut verici adaylar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• PANI/ZnO
• ZnO/PANI
• Elektrokimya
• Süperkapasitör
• Enerji Depolama

Deposition Sequence Effects in Bilayer Electrodes: Preparation of PANI / ZnO and ZnO / PANI Via Electrochemical Deposition

Öz

Porous nickel foam was used as a conductive scaffold to fabricate bilayer electrodes composed of polyaniline (PANI) and zinc oxide (ZnO) through electrodeposition. Two sets were prepared: PANI/ZnO, where PANI was deposited first and then coated with ZnO, and ZnO/PANI, where ZnO was deposited first and followed by a PANI layer. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the sequence of deposition plays a decisive role in performance. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that PANI/ZnO exhibited broader CV profiles and excellent electrochemical accessibility within the 0–1 V potential window. Galvanostatic charge–discharge tests confirmed that both bilayer electrodes outperformed single-component ZnO and PANI, with ZnO/PANI showing slightly longer discharge times and higher capacitance at increased current densities. Ragone analysis indicated that ZnO/PANI delivered superior energy–power balance under high-rate conditions, whereas PANI/ZnO maintained remarkable cycling stability, retaining nearly its full capacitance after prolonged cycling. These results show that both bilayer configurations benefit from PANI and ZnO, but with distinct advantages: PANI/ZnO is highly stable, while ZnO/PANI is better suited for high-rate applications. The findings highlight the importance of deposition order in optimizing hybrid polymer/oxide.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• PANI/ZnO
• ZnO/PANI
• Electrochemistry
• Supercapacitor
• Energy Storage

Kaynakça

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