Biological Evaluation (Activities of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Enzyme Inhibitory) and Phenolic Profile of Ruscus colchicus Aqueous Extract

Öz

Türkiye is among the unique and important countries in the world in terms of plant genetic resources and diversity. Zirmek (Ruscus colchicus) plant is a species from the Asparagaceae family. It is aimed to investigate the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant 2,2'-azinobis-(3- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•⁺), (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH•) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP)), antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity and bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA) enzyme inhibitory effect of aqueous extract from R. colchicus cladodes (AERc) following the phenolic profile of this extract by LC-MS-MS. Additionally, the antibacterial potential of AERc was investigated against six pathogenic bacteria. Six phenolic compounds (protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, siringic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, and rutin) were identified and quantified. The phenolic content of AERc was found to be 42.86 ± 2.86 GAE, μg/mL. DPPH•, ABTS•⁺, and FRAP antioxidant activities were determined as IC50: 0.0935 ± 0.0016 mg/mL, IC50: 0.0410 ± 0.0057 mg/mL, and 120.21 ± 2.82 μM TEAC, respectively. MIC values of AERc were 62.5 µg/mL for all the tested bacteria, but only 31.25 µg/mL for Escherichia coli. AERc exhibited carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ of 0.239 mg/mL, as reported for the first time in the present study. AERc showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. These results provide valuable information that AERc has biological and pharmacological potential in the industries of food and pharmaceutical.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ruscus colchicus
• Biological activity
• Phenolic compounds
• MTT
• LC-MS-MS

Destekleyen Kurum

none

Etik Beyan

none

Teşekkür

The authors gratefully acknowledge HUBTUAM for carrying out the LC–MS/MS analysis. We also thank Giresun University for allowing the use of the research laboratories at Espiye Vocational School during the testing and analytical procedures.

Ruscus colchicus Sulu Ekstraktının Biyolojik Değerlendirmesi (Antioksidan, Antibakteriyal, Sitotoksik ve Enzim İnhibitör Aktiviteleri) ve Fenolik Profili

Öz

ÖZET: Türkiye, bitki genetik kaynakları ve çeşitliliği açısından dünyanın eşsiz ve önemli ülkeleri arasında yer almaktadır. Zirmek (Ruscus colchicus) bitkisi, Asparagaceae familyasından bir türdür. Bu çalışmada, R. colchicus kladodlarından elde edilen sulu ekstraktın (AERc) fenolik profilinin LC-MS-MS ile incelenmesi ve bu ekstraktın toplam fenolik içeriğinin (TPC), antioksidan (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH•), 2,2'-azinobis-(3- 3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit) (ABTS•⁺) radikal temizleme ve demir indirgeyici/antioksidan gücü (FRAP)), antibakteriyel ve sitotoksik aktivitesi ile sığır karbonik anhidraz (bCA) enzim inhibitör etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, AERc’ nin altı patojen bakteriye karşı antibakteriyel aktivitesi araştırılmıştır. Altı fenolik bileşik (protokatekuik asit, kafeik asit, siringik asit, 4-Hidroksibenzoik asit, luteolin-7-glukozit ve rutin) tanımlandı ve miktarları belirlendi. Ekstraktın fenolik içeriği 42.86 ± 2.86 GAE, μg/mL olarak bulundu. DPPH•, ABTS•⁺ ve FRAP antioksidan aktiviteleri sırasıyla IC50: 0.0935 ± 0.0016 mg/mL, IC50: 0.0410 ± 0.0057 mg/mL ve 120.21 ± 2.82 μM TEAC olarak belirlendi. AERc’nin MİK değerleri test edilen tüm bakteriler için 62.5 µg/mL iken, Escherichia coli için yalnızca 31.25 µg/mL idi. Bu çalışmada ilk kez raporlanan AERc’nin bCA inhibisyon potansiyeli 0.239 mg/mL IC50 değeridir. AERc’nin MCF-7 hücre canlılığı üzerinde doza ve zamana bağlı sitotoksik etkilere sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, AERc’ nin gıda ve ilaç endüstrilerinde biyolojik ve farmakolojik potansiyel olarak kullanılabileceği konusunda değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ruscus colchicus
• Biyolojik aktivite
• Fenolik bileşikler
• MTT
• LC-MS-MS

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Etik Beyan

yok

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, LC–MS/MS analizini gerçekleştirdiği için HUBTUAM'a minnettar olduklarını belirtirler. Ayrıca, test ve analiz işlemleri sırasında Espiye Meslek Yüksekokulu'ndaki araştırma laboratuvarlarının kullanımına izin verdiği için Giresun Üniversitesi'ne teşekkür ederiz.

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