Toprak mikrobiyomu, klorofil içeriğini ve fotosentetik performansı artırarak pirinçte tuzluluk toleransını iyileştirir

Öz

Tuzluluk, dünya genelinde pirinç verimliliğini sınırlayan en yıkıcı abiyotik stres faktörlerinden biridir. Bu çalışma, tuza duyarlı Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare’de yerel toprak mikrobiyomunun tuzluluk toleransını artırmadaki rolünü incelemektedir. Bitkiler, mikrobiyomun varlığı (Mb⁺) veya yokluğu (Mb⁻) koşullarında kontrol (0 mM NaCl) ve tuzluluk (75 mM NaCl) uygulamaları altında yetiştirilmiştir. Büyüme parametreleri, pigment bileşimi ve gaz değişim özellikleri ölçülmüş; ardından korelasyon, rastgele orman (random forest) ve temel bileşen analizi (PCA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tuzluluk stresi, bitki boyu, biyokütle, klorofil içeriği ve fotosentetik hızı belirgin şekilde baskılarken, mikrobiyom inokulasyonu bu olumsuz etkileri anlamlı derecede hafifletmiştir. Tuzluluk koşulları altında Mb⁺ bitkiler, Mb⁻ bitkilere kıyasla daha yüksek bitki boyu, toplam klorofil (a+b), β-karoten, net fotosentetik hız (Aₙ) ve stomatal iletkenlik (gₛ) göstermiştir. Korelasyon ve makine öğrenmesi analizleri, Aₙ ve klorofil a’nın mikrobiyomla ilişkili toleransın en önemli belirleyicileri olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Çok değişkenli kümeleme analizleri, tuzluluk altında yetiştirilen Mb⁺ bitkilerin fizyolojik profillerinin stres uygulanmayan kontrol bitkilerine benzer olduğunu göstermiş; bu durum mikrobiyom aracılı stres tamponlama mekanizmalarına işaret etmiştir. Genel olarak sonuçlar, yerel toprak mikrobiyomunun tuzluluk koşulları altında fotosentetik dayanıklılığı ve biyokütle birikimini artırdığını ve tuzdan etkilenen topraklarda pirinç performansını iyileştirmek için sürdürülebilir bir biyolojik yaklaşım sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tuzluluk toleransı
• Oryza sativa
• fotosentez
• klorofil içeriği
• random forest

Soil Microbiome Improves Salinity Tolerance in Rice by Enhancing Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Performance

Öz

Salinity is one of the most destructive abiotic stresses limiting rice productivity worldwide. The present study investigates the role of the native soil microbiome in enhancing salinity tolerance of the salt-sensitive Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare. Plants were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and salinity (75 mM NaCl) conditions with microbiome presence (Mb⁺) or absence (Mb⁻). Growth parameters, pigment composition, and gas-exchange traits were quantified, followed by correlation, random forest, and principal component analyses. Salinity stress markedly suppressed plant height, biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate, whereas microbiome inoculation significantly alleviated these effects. Under salinity, Mb⁺ plants exhibited higher plant height, chlorophyll a+b, β-carotene, net photosynthetic rate (Aₙ), and stomatal conductance (gₛ) compared with Mb⁻ plants. Correlation and machine-learning analyses identified Aₙ and chlorophyll a as the most important predictors of microbiome-associated salinity tolerance in rice. Multivariate clustering revealed that Mb⁺ plants under salinity displayed physiological profiles similar to non-stressed controls, suggesting microbiome-mediated buffering of stress responses. Overall, the results indicate that the native soil microbiome enhances photosynthetic resilience and biomass accumulation under salinity, offering a sustainable biological approach to improve rice performance in salt-affected soils.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Salinity tolerance
• Oryza sativa
• Photosynthesis
• Chlorophyll content
• Random forest

Kaynakça

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