Effects of Urbanization on Air Quality;Sample of Bingol City

Öz

Rapids immigration of rural population to urban population causes nonpreparition of city’s population
growth. Due to growing population demand, in these cities environmental problems increase and city comfort is
influenced. Increasing air pollution causes a downfall in life quality. Especially, in winter season these problems
are seen clearly.Air pollution causes negative effects on people’s comfort.This study aiming to fnd effects of air
pollution on Bingol city which is caused by people’s effets.It was made between 2007-2015 years.This octennical
study was proceeded with long term meterological values, also considering the number of changes in vehicle and
housing the tie between air quality was investigated.As a work description ,with statistical methods ordination
analysis were made in CANOCO database.According to the analysis result, numbers of vehicle and housing which
are changeable factors on air quality and timewise alteration of meterological factors were investigated. Therefore,
prospectively scenarios were made and solution offers were stated. At the same time, according to study result of
Bingol city center;air quality does not exceed the limit values of International Air Quality

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Air quality,bingol,canoco,ordination

Kentleşmenin Hava Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi; Bingöl İli Örneği

Öz

Kırsal nüfusun kentlere olan hızlı akımı, kentleri bu konuda hazırlıksız yakalamıştır. Artan nüfusun talebi
ile baskılar yaşayan kentlerde çevre sorunlarını artmakta ve kent konforunu etkilemektedir. Artan hava kirliliği
Bingöl ilinde yaşam kalitesini düşürmekte özellikle kış aylarında bu olumsuzluklar daha yoğun bir şekilde
hissedilmektedir. Hava kirliği insanoğlunun konforu üzerine olumsuz etkilere neden olmaktadır. İnsan etkilerinden
kaynaklanan hava kirliğinin Bingöl İli üzerindeki etkilerini amaçlayan bu çalışma 2007-2015 yılları arasında 8 yıllık
uzun zamanı kapsayan uzun vadeli meteorolojik değerlerden yola çıkılarak yapılmıştır. Aynı zamanda araç ve konut
sayısındaki değişimler göz önünde bulundurularak hava kalitesiyle arasındaki bağ incelenmiştir. Çalışmada metot
olarak istatiksel yöntemlerle CANOCO veri tabanında ordinasyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Çıkan analiz sonuçlarına
göre hava kalitesi üzerindeki değişken elamanlar olan araç sayısı, konut sayısı ve meteorolojik etmenlerin zamansal
değişimleri incelenerek geleceğe dair senaryolar üretilmiş ve Bingöl İli için alternatif çözüm önerileri belirtilmiştir.
Aynı zamanda çıkan sonuçlara göre Bingöl kent merkezi hava kalitesi yönünden çoğu zaman Uluslar Arası Hava
Kalitesinin belirlemiş olduğu sınır değerlerini aşmamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bingöl,canoco,hava kalitesi,ordinasyon

Kaynakça

1. Anonim 2017. www.mgm.gov.tr
2. Bauer N, Bosetti V, Hamdi-Cherif M, Kitous A, McCollum D, Mejean A, van Vuuren D, 2015. CO2 emission mitigation and fossil fuel markets: Dynamic and international aspects of climate policies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90, 243-256. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2013.09.009
3. Berggren D, Bergkvist B, Falkengrengrerup U, Folkeson L, Tyler G, 1990. Metal Solubility and Pathways in Acidified Forest Ecosystems of South Sweden. Science of the Total Environment, 96(1-2), 103-114. doi:Doi 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90010-R
4. Bollati V, Marinelli B, Apostoli P, Bonzini M, Nordio F, Hoxha M, Baccarelli A, 2010. Exposure to Metal-Rich Particulate Matter Modifies the Expression of Candidate MicroRNAs in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(6), 763-768. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901300
5. Correa AXR, Cotelle S, Millet M, Somensi CA, Wagner TM, Radetski CM, 2016. Genotoxicity assessment of particulate matter emitted from heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles using the in vivo Vicia faba L. micronucleus test. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 127, 199-204. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.026
6. Gan WQ, McLean K., Brauer M, Chiarello SA, Davies HW, 2012. Modeling population exposure to community noise and air pollution in a large metropolitan area. Environmental Research, 116, 11-16. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.04.001
7. He W, Jung H, Lee JH, Hur J, 2016. Differences in spectroscopic characteristics between dissolved and particulate organic matters in sediments: Insight into distribution behavior of sediment organic matter. Science of the Total Environment, 547, 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.146
8. Kalbitz K., Geyer S, Gehre M, 2000. Land use impacts on the isotopic signature (C-13, C-14, N-15) of water-soluble fulvic acids in a German fen area. Soil Science, 165(9), 728-736. doi:Doi 10.1097/00010694-200009000-00006

9. Kampa M, Castanas E, 2008. Human health effects of air pollution. Environmental Pollution, 151(2), 362-367. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.012
10. Khodakarami J, Ghobadi P, 2016. Urban pollution and solar radiation impacts. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 965-976. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.166
11. Kim KH, Hong YJ, Szulejko JE, Kang CH, Chambers S, Feng XB, Kim YH, 2016. Airborne iron across major urban centers in South Korea between 1991 and 2012. Science of the Total Environment, 550, 309-320. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109
12. Lin S, Munsie JP, Hwang SA, Fitzgerald E, Cayo MR, 2002. Childhood asthma hospitalization and residential exposure to state route traffic. Environmental Research, 88(2), 73-81. doi:10.1006/enrs.2001.4303
13. Lippmann M, Chen LC, 2009. Health effects of concentrated. ambient air particulate matter (CAPs) and its components. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 39(10), 865-913. doi:10.3109/10408440903300080
14. Lippmann M, Ito K, Hwang JS, Maciejczyk P, Chen LC, 2006. Cardiovascular effects of nickel in ambient air. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(11), 1662-1669. doi:10.1289/ehp.9150
15. McKenzie J, Pinger R, Kotecki JE, 2011. An introduction to community health: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
16. Pires JCM, Alvim-Ferraz MCM, Martins FG, 2012. Surface ozone behaviour at rural sites in Portugal. Atmospheric Research, 104, 164-171. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.10.001
17. Rahmat M, Maulina W, Rustami E, Azis M, Budiarti DR, Seminar KB, Alatas H, 2013. Performance in real condition of photonic crystal sensor based NO2 gas monitoring system. Atmospheric Environment, 79, 480-485. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.057
18. Shuster-Meiseles T, Shafer MM, Heo J, Pardo M, Antkiewicz DS, Schauer JJ, Rudich Y, 2016. ROS-generating/ARE-activating capacity of metals in roadway particulate matter deposited in urban environment. Environmental Research, 146, 252-262. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.009
19. Stellman M, 1998. Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety: International Labour Organization.
20. Taşdemir Y, 2001. Bursa’da Kükürt Dioksitten Kaynaklanan Hava Kirliliği. Ekoloji Dergisi.
21. Taylor J, Davies M, Mavrogianni A, Shrubsole C, Hamilton I, Das P, Biddulph P, 2016. Mapping indoor overheating and air pollution risk modification across Great Britain: A modelling study. Building and Environment, 99, 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.01.010
22. Terbraak CJF, 1988. Canoco - an Extension of Decorana to Analyze Species-Environment Relationships. Vegetatio, 75(3), 159-160. Retrieved from ://WOS:A1988P856900005
23. Terbraak CJF, 1991. Multivariate-Analysis of Ecological Communities - Digby,Pgn, Kempton,Ra. Journal of Classification, 8(2), 271-273. Retrieved from ://WOS:A1991GR28300008
24. Türkeş M, Sümer UM, Çetiner G, 2000. Küresel İklim Değişikliği Ve Olası Etkileri.
25. Wilson HF, Xenopoulos MA, 2009. Effects of agricultural land use on the composition of fluvial dissolved organic matter. Nature Geoscience, 2(1), 37-41. doi:10.1038/Ngeo391
26. Xu B, Luo LQ, Lin, BQ, 2016. A dynamic analysis of air pollution emissions in China: Evidence from nonparametric additive regression models. Ecological Indicators, 63, 346-358. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.11.012
27. Zhang YL, Cao F, 2015. Is it time to tackle PM2.5 air pollutions in China from biomass-burning emissions? Environmental Pollution, 202, 217-219. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.005