Determination of Essential Oil Ratio and Essential Oil Components By Applying Different Drying Methods of Satureja cuneifolia (Lamiaceae) Species

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to determine the essential oil ratio and essential components in different diurnal periods by applying different drying methods on type Satureja cuneifolia Ten. For this purpose, essential oil ratios and essential oil components of type Satureja cuneifolia Ten. were determined. The leaves of S. cuneifolia was dried using three different drying methods (sun-drying for 10 h, shade drying for 36 h, and oven drying at 40 °C for 10 h). After the essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation, the essential oil components were analyzed by capillary GC-MS. The effect of different drying methods on the essential oil ratio was found to be statistically significant. According to the obtained data, the highest amount of essential oil was found in shade drying (1.88 %) and the lowest amount of essential oil was detected in oven drying (1.78 %). The essential oil components carvacrol and p-cymene reached the highest values in shade drying method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Satureja cuneifolia,carvacrol,p-cymene,ontogenetic,essential oil components

Satureja cuneifolia Ten. (Lamiaceae) Türünün Farklı Kurutma Yöntemleri Uygulanarak Uçucu Yağ Oranlarının ve Uçucu Yağ Bileşenlerinin Tespit Edilmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmada, Satureja cuneifolia Ten. türü üzerinde farklı kurutma yöntemleri uygulanarak farklı diurnal dönemlerde uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla araştırmada S. cuneifolia türünün uçucu yağ oranları ve uçucu yağ bileşenleri tespit edilmiştir. S. cuneifolia’nın yaprakları, üç farklı kurutma yöntemi kullanılarak (güneşte 10 saat, gölgede 16 saat ve etüvde 40 °C'de 10 saat) kurutulmuştur. Uçucu yağ hidrodistilasyon yöntemi ile elde edildikten sonra uçucu yağ bileşenleri GC-MS cihazı ile analiz edilmiştir. Farklı kurutma yöntemlerinin uçucu yağ oranı üzerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Elde edilen verilere göre en yüksek uçucu yağ oranı gölgede kurutmada (% 1.88), en düşük uçucu yağ oranı ise etüvde kurutmada (% 1.78) tespit edilmiştir. Uçucu yağ bileşenlerinden carvacrol ve p-cymene gölgede kurutma yönteminde en yüksek değerlere ulaşmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Satureja cunefolia,carvacrol,p-cymene,ontogenetik,uçucu yağ bileşenleri

Kaynakça

1. Azaz AD, Kurkcuoglu M, Satol F, Baser, KHC, Tumen, G, 2005. In vitro antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of some Satureja essential oils. Flavour and Fragnance Journal, 20: 587–591.
2. Baydar H, Sagdic O, Ozkan G, Karadogan T, 2004. Antibacterial activity and composition of essential oils from Origanum, Thymbra and Satureja species with commercial importance in Turkey. Food Control, 15: 169–172.
3. Baytop T, 1999. Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey (Past and Present). Nobel Medicine Publications, 2nd edition, Istanbul, 118-119 s.
4. Biavati B, Ozcan M, Piccaglia R, 2004. Composition and antimicrobial properties of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. and Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. et aznav. subsp. isaurica P.H. Davis essential oils. Annals of Microbiology, 54, 393–440.
5. El Beyrouthy M, Cazier F, Arnold NA, Aboukais A, 2015 . Seasonal Variation in Yield and Composition of Essential Oil from Satureja cuneifolia Ten. Growing Wild in Lebanon. TEOP 18 (4) 2015 pp 908 – 916.
6. Eminağaoglu O, Tepe B, Yumrutas O, Akpulat HA, Daferera D, Polissiou M, 2007. The in vitro antioxidative properties of the essential oils and methanol extracts of Satureja spicigera (K. Koch.) Boiss. and Satureja cuneifolia Ten. Food Chemistry, 100, 339–343.
7. Fairbairn JW, Challen SB, 1959. Alkaloids of Hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) distribution in relation to the development of the fruit. Biochem, 72: 556-562.
8. Figiel A, Szumn A, Gutiérrez-Ortíz A, Carbonell-Barrachina AA, 2010. Composition of Oregano essential oil (Origanum vulgare) as affected by drying method. J. Food Engineering. 98: 240-247.

9. Hafi MA, Beyrouthy ME, Ouaini N, Stien D, Rutledge D, Chaillou S, 2017. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Satureja, Thymus and Thymbra Species Grown in Lebanon. Chem. Biodiversity 2017,14, e1600236.
10. Hassanpouraghdam MB, Hassani A, 2014. Oven and conventional drying methods effect volatile oil content and composition of Mentha pulegium L. J. Essential oil Bearing Plants. 17:346-352.
11. Kurcuoğlu M, Tümen G, Başer KHC, 2001. Essential oil constituents of Satureja biosseri from Turkey. Khim.Prir. Soedin., 37, 280-281.
12. Milos M, Radonic A, Bezic N, Dunkic V, 2001. Localities and seasonal variations in the chemical composition of essential oils of Satureja montana L. and S. cuneifolia Ten. Flavour Fragrance Journal, 16, 157–160.
13. Miriam R, Pfeifer S, 1959. Über die Veranderungen im Alkaloidhaushalt der Mohnpfanze warend einer Vegatationsperiode. Sci Pharm., 27: 34-40.
14. Momtaz S, Abdollahi M, 2010. An Update on Pharmacology of Satureja Species; From Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetes and Anti-hyperlipidemic to Reproductive Stimulation. International Journal of Pharmacology 6,(4), 346-353
15. Oke F, Aslim B, Ozturk S, Altundag S, 2009. Essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. Food Chemistry. 112(4): 874-879.
16. Rani A, Bisht M, Pande C, Tewari G, Bhatt S, Matiyani M, 2017. Effect of drying on the volatiles of leaves of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. J. Essential oil Bearing Plants. 20: 552-558.
17. Rellán DG, Blázquez MA, Boira H, 2015. Differential Essential Oil Composition and Morphology between Perennial Satureja species Growing in Spain. Rec. Nat. Prod. 9: 4 (2015) 623-627.
18. Rohloff J, Dragland S, Mordal R, Iversen T, 2005. Effect of harvest time and drying method on biomass production, essential oil yield, and quality of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 4143-148.
19. Sağır ZO, Carikci S, Kilic T, Goren, AC, 2017. Metabolic profile and biological activity of Sideritis brevibracteata PH Davis endemic to Turkey. Int. J. Food Prop. 20 (12):2994-3005.
20. Sárosi SZ, Sipos L, Kókai Z, Pluhár ZS, Szilvássy B, Novák I, 2013. Effect of different drying techniques on the aroma profile of Thymus vulgaris analyzed by GC-MS and sensory profile method. Ind. Crops Prod. 46: 210–216.
21. Schwob I, Bessiere JM, Viano J, 2004. Composition of the essential oils of Hypericum perforatum L. from southeastern France. Comples Rendus Biologies 325, 781-785.
22. Skoc´ibušic´ M, Bezic´ N, 2004. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of two Satureja species essential oils. Phytotherapy Research, 18, 967–970.
23. Silic C, 1979. Monografija rodova Satureja L., Calamintha Mill., Micromeria Bentham, Acinos Mill. Clinopodium L. Zemaljski Muzej Bosnei Hercegovine, Sarajevo, 440 pp
24. Smith R, Caswell D, Carriere A, Zielke B, 1996. Variation in the ginsenoside content of American gingseng, Panax quinquefolius L. roots. Can. J. Bot., 74: 1616-1620.
25. Soysal İ, 1993. Biometrinin Temel Prensipleri. T.Ü.Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:95, 155 s, Tekirdağ.
26. Tümen G, Kirimer N, Ermin N, Baser, KHC, 1998. The essential oil of Satureja cuneifolia. Planta Medica, 64, 81–83.
27. Yaylı, B, Tosun, G, Karakşe M, Renda G, Yaylı N, 2014. SPME/GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from three Lamiaceae Species (Nepeta conferta Hedge & Lamond, Origanum onites L. and Satureja cuneifolia Ten.) Growing in Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 26, (9): 2541-2544.