Olgun Antepfıstığı’nın (Pistacia vera L.) Stomatal ve Morfolojik Özellikleri Üzerine In vitro Mikropropagasyon Büyüme Koşullarının Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, olgun antepfıstığı ağaçlarının in vitro olarak mikroçoğaltımının farklı evrelerinden (çoğaltma, köklendirme, alıştırma ve rejenere bitki) elde edilen yaprakların stoma anatomisini, stoma indeksini ve su kaybını (%) ortaya çıkarmak için yapılmıştır. Yaprak yüzeyinde yapılan mikroskobik gözlemler, 0.81-2.02 μm uzunluğunda ve 1.58-3.80 μm genişliğinde eliptikten ovat stomaya kadar çeşitlilik göstermiştir. In vitro yetiştirilen bitkilerin özellikle alıştırma aşamasında yapraklarında stoma indeksinde (SI) bir artış gözlenmiştir (17.49±0.04). Alıştırma aşamasından sonra in vivo koşullara transfer edilen bitki yapraklarının stoma indeksi azalmıştır. Su kaybını ölçmek için, her çeşit numuneden elde edilen yapraklar, 30 dakika ile 2 saat arasında fırında kurutularak tartılmıştır. Çoğaltma aşamasındaki su kaybı yüzdesinin diğer aşamalara göre daha büyük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Stoma farklılaşmasının, uygulanan doğal şartlara aktarım metodu tarafından da etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Saksıların polietilen poşetlerle kapatılması yoluyla gerçekleştirilen aklimatizasyon yönteminin yaşama oranını arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, transplantasyon stresinden kaçınmak için in vitro mikro-çoğaltma aşamalarının optimizasyonunun gerekli olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alıştırma,in vitro kültür,stoma özellikleri,su kaybı,stoma indeksi,P. vera L.

Influence of in vitro Micropropagation Growth Conditions on Stomatal and Morphological Characteristics of Mature Pistacia vera L.

Öz

This research was conducted to reveal the stomatal anatomy, stomatal index and water loss (%) of mature pistachio leaves as well as the leaves of different phases (multiplication, rooting, hardening and regenerated plant) of micropropagation of mature pistachio trees obtained from the in vitro. Microscopic observations on surfaces of these leaves showed variety from elliptical to ovate stomata with length of 0.81-2.02 μm and width of 1.58-3.80 μm. An increase in stomatal index (SI) in the leaves of plants grown in vitro was observed most specifically in the hardening phase. (17.49±0.04). The stomatal index declined in the leaves of plantlets transferred to in vivo conditions subsequent to the hardening phase. In order to measure water loss, leaves obtained from all types of samples were dried in the oven between 30 minutes and 2 hours and weighed. The percent water loss of in vitro leaves of multiplication phase was greater than the other phases. The stomatal differentation was found to be influenced by the different hardening regimes applied. Hardening by covering the pots with polyethylene bags improved the survival rate. This study indicates that optmization of in vitro micropropagation stages is necessary to avoid transplantation stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hardening,in vitro Culture,Stomatal Characteristics,Water Loss,Stomatal Index,P. vera L.

Kaynakça

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