Küçükbaş Hayvan Yetiştiricilerinin İklim Değişikliği Algısı ve Adaptasyonu Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Bir Analiz: Karaman İli Örneği

Öz

Tarımsal üretim büyük oranda iklime dayanmaktadır ve iklim son zamanlarda sürekli değişmektedir. Bu çalışma, küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiricilerinin iklim değişikliği algılarını, adaptasyon stratejilerini ve adaptasyonun önündeki engelleri belirlemek için yapılmıştır. İklim değişikliğini görebilmek için Karaman Meteoroloji Müdürlüğünden alınan 1970’den 2020 yılına kadar olan meteorolojik veriler kullanılmıştır. Birincil veriler Damızlık Koyun ve Keçi Yetiştiricileri birliği üyelerinden anket yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Örneklem büyüklüğü 118’dir. Verilerin analizinde ikili lojistik regresyon methodu kullanılmıştır. Modelde bağımlı değişken adaptasyon durumu olup, 12 bağımsız değişken belirlenmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, yaş, deneyim, yeniliklere karşı tutum, iklim değişikliğine inanıp inanmama durumu ve ekstrem hava olaylarına tanık olma istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, hayvan sayısı, çiftlik büyüklüğü, diğer gelir, tarımsal gelir ve toplam gelir ise istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bulunmuştur. Kesif yem kullanımı, yem bitkileri üretimi, tarımsal üretimde çeşitlilik ile hastalık ve kuraklığa dayanıklı ırkların tercih edilmesi başlıca adaptasyon seçenekleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bilgi yetersizliği, iklim değişikliğine adaptasyonun önündeki en önemli bariyer olarak görülmüştür. İklim değişikliğinin etkilerini anlatacak ve gelecek projeksiyonları içeren eğitim programları organize edilmelidir. Devlet desteklerinin bölgesel iklim koşullarına göre yeniden organizasyonu adaptasyonu kolaylaştıracaktır. Türkiye’de konu ile ilgili detaylı araştırmalara gereksinim vardır. Tarımsal üretimin tüm alt kategorileri ayrı ayrı ele alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim değişikliği
• Uyum
• Küçükbaş hayvan
• Aşırı hava olayları
• gıda güvenliği

An Analysis on the Perception of Small Ruminant Breeders to Climate Change and The Factors Affecting Adaptation: A Case Study of Karaman Province

Öz

Agricultural production relies heavily on the climate, which has been changing constantly in recent years. This study conducted in order to determine small ruminant breeders' perception of climate change, their adaptation strategies and barriers to adaptation. The meteorological data obtained from Karaman Provincial Directorate of Meteorology between 1970-2019 were used to notice the changes in climate. Primary data was obtained through a survey with the members of Sheep and Goat Breeders Union. The sample size, according to the random sampling method, composed 118 breeders the data was analyzed by binary logistic regression method. The dependent variable in the model is adaptation status and 12 independent variables were determined. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, age, experience, attitude towards innovations, believing or not believing in climate change and witnessing extreme weather events in the region were found statistically significant. While the others, gender, educational background, number of animals, farm size, other income, agricultural income and total income, were found statistically insignificant (P<0.05). The usage of concentrate feed, forage crop production, diversity in agricultural production and breeding more resistant species against diseases and droughts were identified as major adaptation practices. Lack of information was found the most important barrier to adapt to climate change. The training activities should be organized for regular notifications concerning the impacts of climate change on agricultural production and future projection. Restructuring government aids in consideration of regional climate conditions shall facilitate the adaptation of breeders. The detailed studies are needed in Turkey. All sub-components of agricultural production should be discussed separately.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate change
• Adaptation
• Small ruminant
• extreme weather events
• food security

Kaynakça

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