The Important in Terms of Human Health of the Walnut and the Fatty Acids and Some Studies on This Subject

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 9 - 15, 31.12.2016

Mikdat Şimşek , Ersin Gülsoy

Öz

Due to its positive effects on nutrient content and human health, walnut (Juglans regia L.)

located in nuts is a special species which is increasingly important nowadays.The scientific studies

that continue for many years have been revealing that it is loaded with rich nutrient content positively

affecting human body of walnut. Due to high fat content this species is very nutritive. In particular, the

rich omega-3 essential fatty acids of walnut content have many benefits in terms of the health. Therefore,

many studies have been made on fat and fatty acids of walnut up to now. The aim of this article was

to evaluate the results of scientific studies about walnut consumption and its fatty acid content on the

benefits effects of human health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Walnut, fatty acids, human health, nutrition

Ceviz ve İçerdiği Yağ Asitlerinin İnsan Sağlığı Açısından Önemi Üzerine Yapılan Bazı Çalışmalar

Öz

Sert kabuklu meyveler içinde yer alan ceviz (Juglans regia L.), içerdiği besin değeri ve insan

sağlığı üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinden dolayı günümüzde önemi giderek artan önemli bir meyve türüdür.

Uzun yıllar süren bilimsel çalışmalar, cevizin insan vücudunu pozitif olarak etkileyen besin içerikleri

ile yüklenmiş olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ceviz içeriğinde bulunan zengin omega-3 esasinyel yağ

asitlerinin sağlık açısından birçok faydaları tespit edilmiş ve bu yüzden, ceviz meyvesinin içerdiği

yağ ve yağ asitleri konusunda pek çok araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu makale ceviz tüketiminin ve içerdiği

yağ asitlerinin insan sağlığına faydaları konusunda yapılan bilimsel çalışma sonuçlarının derlenmesini

amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme, ceviz, insan sağlığı, yağ asitleri

Kaynakça

• Akça, 2001. Ceviz Yetiştiriciliği. Arı Ofset Matbaası. Tokat. 356 s.
• Almario RU, Vonghavaravat V, Wong R, Karakas S, 2001. Effect of walnut consumption on plasma fatty acids and lipoproteins in combined hyperlipidemia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 74: 72-79.
• Amaral JS, Casal S, Pereira JA, Seabra RM, Oliveira BPP, 2003. Determination of sterol and fatty acid compositions, oxidative stability, and nutritional value of six walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars grown in Portugal. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51 (26): 7698-7702.
• Anderson KJ, Teuber SS, Gobeille A, Cremin P, Waterhouse AL, Steinberg FM, 2001. Walnut polyphenolics ınhibit in vitro human plasma and LDL idation. The Am. J. Nutr. 131: 2837- 2842.
• Anonim, 2016a. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser
• Anonim, 2016b. https://tr.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Parkinson_ hastal %C4 %B1 %C4 %9F%C4 %B1
• Anonim, 2016c. https://tr. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Alzheimer_ hastal% C4% B1% C4% 9F% C4%B1
• Anonim, 2016d. http://www.1organik.com/melatonin-icerenyiyecekler. html
• Anonim, 2016e. http://www.gidahareketi.org/beyin-dostu-gida-- ceviz-624-yazisi.aspx
• A n o n i m 2 0 1 6 f . h t t p s : / / w w w . g o o g l e . c o m . t r / search?q=ceviz+ve+beyin&rlz= 1C1CHWA _ trTR616TR617& espv=2&biw=1517&bih=714&source= lnms&tbm= isch&sa= X&ved= 0ah UKE wjY 7aPQyv rMAhUBXRQKHTZGATsQ_AUIBigB&dpr = .9#imgrc= U2ozm9yy UHPtMM%3A.
• Anonim, 2016g. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyabet Anonymous, 2005. Walnut. www.forshang.org/012foodnhealth/ foodnhealthwalnute.htm
• Bakklabaşı E, Yılmaz ÖM, Artık N, 2010. Türkiye’de yetiştirilen yerli bazı ceviz çesitlerinin fiziksel özellikleri ve kimyasal bileşenleri. Akademik Gıda 8 (1): 6-12.
• Bayazıt S, Sumbul A, 2012. Determination of fruit quality and fatty acid composition of Turkish walnut (juglans regia) cultivars and genotypes grown in subtropical climate of eastern mediterranean region. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 14 (3): 419-424.
• Bryant RJ, Cadogan J, Weaver CM 1999. The new dietary reference intakes for calcium: implications for osteoporosis. J Am Coll Nutr 18(Sup5):406S-412S.
• Carrero JJ, Baro L, Fonolla J, Gonzalez-Santiago M, Martinez-Ferez A, Castillo R, Jimenez J, Boza JJ, 2004.Cardiovascular effects of milk enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, folic acid, and vitamins E and B6 in volunteers with mild hyperlipidemia. Nutrition. 2004;20: 521-527.
• Lopez-Huertas E, 2004. Cardiovascular effects of milk enriched with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, folic acid, and vitamins E and B6 in volunteers with mild hyperlipidemia. Nutrition 20(6): 521-527.
• Dogan M, Akgul A, 2005. Fatty acid composition of some walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars from east Anatolia. Grasas y Aceites, 56 (4): 328-331.
• Ding Y, Luo Y, Fu J, 2014. Effects of Mn (II) on peroxynitrite nitrifying fibrinogen. Bio-med Mater Eng 24(1):901-907.
• Ergun M, Sütyemez M, 2008. Sağlıklı bir yasam tarzı için ceviz. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 11(1): 138-142.
• FAO, 2012. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E
• Feldman EB, 2002. The Scientific evidence for a beneficial health relationship between walnuts and coronary heart disease. Journal of Nutrition, 132 (5): 1062S-1101S.
• Fukuda T, Ito H, Yoshida T, 2003. Antioxidative polyphenols from walnuts (Juglans regia L). Phytochemistry, 63 (7): 795-801.
• Heidal K, Lewis N, Evans S, 2004. Survey of omega 3 fatty acid ıntakes and omega 3 food selections in cardiac patients living in a section of the Midwestern United States. Nutrition Research, 24 (9): 741-747.
• Kayahan M, 2009. Sağlıklı beslenme açısından trans yağ asitleri. II. Geleneksel Gıdalar Sempozyumu, 27-29 Mayıs, 7-11, Van.
• Lavedrine F, Zmirou D, Ravel A, Balducci F, Alary J, 1999. Blood cholesterol and walnut consumption: A Cross- Sectional Survey in France. Preventive Medicine. 28: 333-339.
• Marangoni F, Colombo C, Martiello A, Poli A, Paoletti R, Galli C, 2007. Levels of the n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid in addition to those of alpha linolenic acid are significantly raised in blood lipids by the intake of four walnuts a day in humans. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 17(6): 457-461.
• Mart´ınez ML, Labuckas DO, Lamarque AL, Maestri DM, 2010. Walnut (Juglans regia L.): genetic resources, chemistry, byproducts. J Sci Food Agric, 90 (12): 1959–1967.
• Morgan JM, Horton K, Reese D, Carey C, Walker K, Capuzzi DM, 2002. Effects of walnut consumption as part of a lowfat, low-cholesterol diet on serum cardiovascular risk factors. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 72 (5): 341-347.
• Muradoglu F, Oguz HI, Yildiz K, Yilmaz H, 2010. Some chemical composition of walnut (Juglans regia L.) selections from Eastern Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(17): 2379-2385.
• Ozcan MM, 2009. Some nutritional characteristics of fruit and oil of walnut (Juglans regia L.) growing in Turkey. Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 28 (1): 57-62.
• Ozkan G, Koyuncu MA, 2005. Physical and chemical composition of some walnut (Juglans regia L) genotypes grown in Turkey. Grasas y Aceites, 56 (2): 141-146.
• Özrenk K, Kaya T, Balta F, Kan T, 2011. Van Gölü havzası cevizleri bazı pomolojik ve kimyasal özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. Iğdır Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Der. (Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech.), 1(4): 15-22.
• Patel G, 2005. Essential fats in walnuts are good for heart and diabetes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(7): 1096-1097.
• Pereira JA, Oliveira I, Sousa A, Isabel CFR, Ferreira AB, Estevinho L, 2008. Bioactive properties and chemical composition of six walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46 (6): 2103–2111.
• Reiter RJ, Manchester LC, Tan DX, 2005. Melatonin in walnuts: Influence on levels of melatonin and total antioxidant capacity of blood. Nutrition, 21(9): 920-924.
• Savage GP, Dutta PC, McNeil DL, 1999. Fatty acid and tocopherol contents and oxidative stability of walnut oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 76(9): 1059-1063.
• Simopoulous AP, 2004. Health effects of eating walnuts. Food Reviews International, 20 (1): 91-98.
• Stevens LJ, Zentall SS, Abate ML, 1996. Omega-3 fatty acids in boys with behavior, learning, and health problems. Physiology and Behavior, 59 (4/5): 915-920.
• Stevens LJ, Zentall SS, Deck JL, 1995. Essential fatty acid metabolism in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(4): 761- 768.
• Simsek M, 2010. Selection of walnut types with high fruit bearing and quality in Sanliurfa population. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(7): 992-996.
• Simsek M, 2016. Chemical, mineral, and fatty acid compositions of various types of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Turkey. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 48(1): 66–70.
• Şahin I, Akbaş H, 2001. Farklı yöre ve çesitlerden cevizlerin teknolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması. Türkiye 1. Ulusal Ceviz Sempozyumu, 5-8 Eylül,104-114, Tokat.
• Şen SM, 1986. Ceviz yetiştiriciliği (1. Baskı). Samsun, OMÜ Basımevi.
• Şen SM, 2011. Ceviz yetiştiriciliği ve besin değeri folklorü (4. Baskı). Ankara, ÜÇM Yayıncılık.
• Şimşek M, 2015. Ceviz ve Beyin. http:// www.diyarbakirsoz. com/ yazarlar/ msimsek/ ceviz-ve-beyin-8474.
• Tapiero H, Tew KD, 2003. Trace elements in human physiology and pathology: zinc and metallothioneins. Biomed Pharmacothe 57(9):399-411.
• Tapiero H, Townsend D, Tew K, 2003. Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother 57(9):386-398
• Tapsell LC, Gillen LJ, Patch CS, Batterham M, Owen A, Bare M, Kennedy M, 2004. Including walnuts in a low-fat/modifiedfat diet ımproves hdl cholesterol-to-total cholesterol ratios in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27(12): 2777- 2783.
• Touyz RM 2004. Magnesium in clinical medicine. http:// www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ pubmed/ 14977544.
• Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Hu FB, Willett, WC, Giovannucci EL, 2004. Frequent nut consumption and decreased risk of cholecystectomy in women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80(1): 76-81.
• Ünver H, Çelik M, 2005. Ankara yöresi cevizlerinin (juglans regia l.) seleksiyon yoluyla ıslahı. BAHÇE Ceviz 34 (1): 83–89.
• Willet WC, Sacks F, Trichopolou A, 1995. Mediterranean diet pyramid: A cultural model for healthy eating. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 61 (6): 1402-1407.
• Yerlikaya C, Yucel S, Erturk U, Korukluoğlu M, 2012. Proximate composition, minerals and fatty acid composition of Juglans regia L. genotypes and cultivars grown in Turkey. Brezilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 55 (5): 677-683.
• Yiğit A, Ertürk Ü, Korukluoğlu M, 2005. Fonnksiyonel bir gıda: Ceviz. Bahçe Ceviz, 34 (1): 163–169.
• Zhai M, Wang, Wang D, Xu J, Shı G, 2014. Comparative analysis of mineral elements and essential amino acids compositions in Juglans sigillata and J. regia Walnuts Kernels Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 42(1):36-42.
• Zwarts J, Savage GP, 1999. Fatty New Zealand grown walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Int. J. Food Science &Technology, 50 (3): 189-195.