Polietilen-İndirgenmiş Grafen Oksit ve Polietilen-İndirgenmiş Grafen Oksit-Aramid Kompozitlerinin Hazırlanması
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 427 - 438, 01.03.2020
Bahar Meryemoğlu
,
Oktay Erbatur
Öz
Bu çalışmada işlenebilirliği kolay olan polietilene (PE) dolgu materyali olarak indirgenmiş grafen oksit (iGO) ve Aramid/iGO eklenmiştir. Polimerin % 0.1’ini içerecek şekilde kompozit materyaller eriyik harmanlama metodu ile termokinetik mikser ve sıcak-soğuk izostatik pres ile hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen kompozitlerin mekanik çekme testleri incelenmiştir. Çok düşük oranlarda (% 0.1) nano katkı maddeleri içeren bu katı kompozit maddelerin konvansiyonel plastik işlemelerinde rahatlıkla kullanılabilecekleri gösterilmiştir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Cukurova University Research Grant
Proje Numarası
FEF2012YL22
Teşekkür
KOSGEB destekli Nanokarbon-İleri malzemeler Ltd.Şti şirketine ve FEF2012YL22 no’lu projeyle destekleyen Çukurova Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi’ne teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- Ansari S, Giannelis EP, 2009. Functionalized graphene sheet-poly(vinylidene fluoride) conductive nanocomposites. J Polym Sci Part B - Polym Phys, 47, 888.
- Aranda P, Ruiz-hitzky E, 1992, Poly(ethylene-oxide) / Silicate Intercalation Materials, Chemical Materials, 4;1395-1403.
- Choi H, KIM S, HYUN Y, JOHN M, 2001. Preparation and Rheological Characteristics of Solvent Cast Poly (ethylene-oxide)/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites, Macromolecular Rapid Communication, 22;320.
- Dreyer DR, Park S, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS, 2010. The chemistry of graphene oxide, Chem. Soc. Rev, 39;228–240.
- Erikli E, 2014. Grafen oksit/aramid ve Grafen/aramid Kompozitlerinin Geliştirilmesi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Gómez-Navarro C, Weitz RT, Bittner AM, Scolari M, Mews A, Burghard M, Kern K, 2007. Electronic Transport Properties of Individual Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets, Nano Lett, 7;3499–3503.
- Graf D, Molitor F, Ensslin K, Stampfer C, Jungen A, Hierold C, Wirtz L, 2007. Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy of single- and few-layer graphene. Nano Lett, 7;238–42.
- He H, Klinowski J, Forster M, Lerf A, 1998. A new structural model for graphite oxide, Chemical Physics Letters 287; 53–56.
- Hummers WS ve Offeman RE, 1958. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 80;1339-1339.
- Jang BZ, Zhamu A, 2008. Processing of nanographene platelets (NGPs) and NGP nanocomposites: a review. J Mater Sci, 43:5092-101.
- Jeon H, JUNG H, LEE S, HUDSON S, 1998. Morphology of Polymer/Silicate Nanocomposites, Polymer Bulletin, 41; 107-113.
- Jiang L, Shen XP, WU, J.L., SHEN, K.C., 2010. Preparation and characterization of graphene/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites, J.Appl Polym Sci, 118;275.
- Kim H, Macosko CW, 2008. Morphology and Properties of Polyester/Exfoliated Graphite Nanocomposites, Macromolecules, 41;3317–3327.
- Kim H, Macosko CW, 2009. Processing-property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene composites. Polymer, 50;3797–3809.
- Kotov N, 2006. Materials science: Carbon sheet solutions. Nature, 442;254.
- Kudin KN, 2008. Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets. Nano Lett. 8(1);36–41.
- Liang Y, Wu D, Feng X, Mullen K, 2009. Dispersion of Graphene Sheets in Organic Solvent Supported by Ionic Interactions. Adv Mater. 21;1679–1683.
- Li D, Müller MB, Gilje S, Kaner RB, Wallace GG, 2008. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets.Nat. Nanotechnol, 3;101-106.
- Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM, 2010.Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. ACS Nano, 4(8);4806–4814.
- Mattevi C, Eda G, Agnoli S, Miller S, Mkhoyan AK, Celik O, Mastrogiovanni D, Granozzi G, Garfunkel E, Chhowalla M, 2009. Evolution of electrical, chemical, and structural properties of transparent and conducting chemically derived graphene thin films. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19;2577–2583.
- McAllister MJ, Li JL, Adamson DH., Schniepp HC, Abdala AA, Liu J, X,O Herrera-Alonso M, Milius D L, Car R, Prud’homme RK, Aksay IA, 2007. Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite. Chem. Mater. 19;4396-4404.
- Niyogi S, Bekyarova E, Itkis ME, McWilliams JL, Hamon MA, Haddon RC, 2006. Solution properties of graphite and graphene. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128;7720.
- Paredes JI, Villar-Rodil S, Martínez-Alonso A, Tascón JM, 2008.Graphene oxide dispersions in organic solvents, Langmuir, 24;10560–10564.
- Park S, An J, Piner RD, Jung I, Yang D, Velamakannı A, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RD, 2008. Aqueous suspension and characterization of chemically modified graphene sheets. Chem Mater, 20; 6592–4.
- Park S, An J, Jung, I., Piner, RD, An SJ, Li X, Velamakannı A, Ruoff RD. 2009. Colloidal suspensions of highly reduced graphene oxide in a wide variety of organic solvents. Nano Lett, 9(4);1593–7.
- Ramanathan T, Abdala AA, Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Herrera-Alonso M, Piner RD, Adamson DH, Schniepp HC, Chen X, Ruoff R. S.; Nguyen, S. T.; Aksay, I. A.; Prud’- Homme, R. K.; Brinson, L. C. 2008. Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3; 327–331.
- Schniepp HC, Li JL, McAllister MJ, Sai H, Herrera-Alonso M, Adamson DH, Prud'homme RK, Car R, Saville DA, Aksay IA, 2006. Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J Phys Chem B, 110;8535–9.
- Shah RK, 2006. Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposite by Melt Processing, Thesis Phd, The University of Texas, The Faculty of the Graduate School.
- Si Y, Samulski ET, 2008. Synthesis of water soluble graphene. Nano Lett, 8(6);1679–82.
- Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Dommett GH, Kohlhaas KM, Zimney EJ, Stach EA, Piner RD, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS, 2006. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature, 442;282–6.
- Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD, Kohlhaas KA, Kleinhammes A, Jia Y, Wu Y, Nguyen S, Ruoff RS, 2007. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon, 45;1558–65.
- Strawhecker K, Manias E, 2000, Structure and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) / Na+ Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Chemical Materials, 12; 2943-2949.
- Wang G, Yang J, Park J, Gou X, Wang B, Liu H, Yao J, 2008. 'Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Nanosheets', J. Phys. Chem. C, 112;8192–8195.
- Vadukumpully S, Paul J, Mahanta N, Valiyaveettil S, 2011. Flexible conductive graphene/poly(vinyl chloride) composite thin films with high mechanical strength and thermal stability. Carbon, 49;198.
- Villar-Rodil S, Paredes JI, Martínez-Alonso A, Tascón MD, 2009. Preparation of Graphene Dispersion and Graphene–Polymer Composites in Organic Media. J Mater Chem. 19;3591–3593.
- Yang M, Cao K, Sui L, Qi Y, Zhu J, Waas A, Arruda EM, Kieffer J, Thouless MD, Kotov NA, 2011.Dispersions of aramid nanofibers: a new nanoscale building block, ACS Nano, 5;6945–6954.
- Yang D, Velamakanni A,Bozoklu G,Park S, Stoller M,Piner RD, Stankovich S, Jung I, Field DA, Ventrice Jr CA, Ruoff RS, 2009.Chemical analysis of graphene oxide films after heat and chemical treatments by X-ray photoelectron and Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Carbon, 47;145–152.
- Zhao X, Zhang QH, Hao YP, Li YZ, Fang Y, Chen DJ, 2010. Alternate multilayer films of poly(vinyl alcohol) and exfoliated graphene oxide fabricated via a facial layer-by-layer assembly. Macromolecules, 43;9411.
- Zhu Y, Murali S, Cai W, Li X, Suk JW, Potts JR, Ruoff RS, 2010. Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, ACS Nano, 4;1227–1233.
Preparation of Polyethylene-Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polyethylene-Reduced Graphene Oxide-Aramid Composites
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 427 - 438, 01.03.2020
Bahar Meryemoğlu
,
Oktay Erbatur
Öz
In this study, reduced graphene oxide and aramid/ reduced graphene oxide were used a filler in polyethylene which is easy to process. Composite materials containing 0.1% of polymer were prepared by melt blending method using thermokinetic mixer and hot-cold isostatic press.Mechanical tensile analysis of the composites were examined. The results showed that these solid composites containing very low amounts (0.1%) of nano additives can be used easily in conventional plastic processing.
Proje Numarası
FEF2012YL22
Kaynakça
- Ansari S, Giannelis EP, 2009. Functionalized graphene sheet-poly(vinylidene fluoride) conductive nanocomposites. J Polym Sci Part B - Polym Phys, 47, 888.
- Aranda P, Ruiz-hitzky E, 1992, Poly(ethylene-oxide) / Silicate Intercalation Materials, Chemical Materials, 4;1395-1403.
- Choi H, KIM S, HYUN Y, JOHN M, 2001. Preparation and Rheological Characteristics of Solvent Cast Poly (ethylene-oxide)/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites, Macromolecular Rapid Communication, 22;320.
- Dreyer DR, Park S, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS, 2010. The chemistry of graphene oxide, Chem. Soc. Rev, 39;228–240.
- Erikli E, 2014. Grafen oksit/aramid ve Grafen/aramid Kompozitlerinin Geliştirilmesi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
- Gómez-Navarro C, Weitz RT, Bittner AM, Scolari M, Mews A, Burghard M, Kern K, 2007. Electronic Transport Properties of Individual Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets, Nano Lett, 7;3499–3503.
- Graf D, Molitor F, Ensslin K, Stampfer C, Jungen A, Hierold C, Wirtz L, 2007. Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy of single- and few-layer graphene. Nano Lett, 7;238–42.
- He H, Klinowski J, Forster M, Lerf A, 1998. A new structural model for graphite oxide, Chemical Physics Letters 287; 53–56.
- Hummers WS ve Offeman RE, 1958. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 80;1339-1339.
- Jang BZ, Zhamu A, 2008. Processing of nanographene platelets (NGPs) and NGP nanocomposites: a review. J Mater Sci, 43:5092-101.
- Jeon H, JUNG H, LEE S, HUDSON S, 1998. Morphology of Polymer/Silicate Nanocomposites, Polymer Bulletin, 41; 107-113.
- Jiang L, Shen XP, WU, J.L., SHEN, K.C., 2010. Preparation and characterization of graphene/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites, J.Appl Polym Sci, 118;275.
- Kim H, Macosko CW, 2008. Morphology and Properties of Polyester/Exfoliated Graphite Nanocomposites, Macromolecules, 41;3317–3327.
- Kim H, Macosko CW, 2009. Processing-property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene composites. Polymer, 50;3797–3809.
- Kotov N, 2006. Materials science: Carbon sheet solutions. Nature, 442;254.
- Kudin KN, 2008. Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets. Nano Lett. 8(1);36–41.
- Liang Y, Wu D, Feng X, Mullen K, 2009. Dispersion of Graphene Sheets in Organic Solvent Supported by Ionic Interactions. Adv Mater. 21;1679–1683.
- Li D, Müller MB, Gilje S, Kaner RB, Wallace GG, 2008. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets.Nat. Nanotechnol, 3;101-106.
- Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM, 2010.Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. ACS Nano, 4(8);4806–4814.
- Mattevi C, Eda G, Agnoli S, Miller S, Mkhoyan AK, Celik O, Mastrogiovanni D, Granozzi G, Garfunkel E, Chhowalla M, 2009. Evolution of electrical, chemical, and structural properties of transparent and conducting chemically derived graphene thin films. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19;2577–2583.
- McAllister MJ, Li JL, Adamson DH., Schniepp HC, Abdala AA, Liu J, X,O Herrera-Alonso M, Milius D L, Car R, Prud’homme RK, Aksay IA, 2007. Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite. Chem. Mater. 19;4396-4404.
- Niyogi S, Bekyarova E, Itkis ME, McWilliams JL, Hamon MA, Haddon RC, 2006. Solution properties of graphite and graphene. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128;7720.
- Paredes JI, Villar-Rodil S, Martínez-Alonso A, Tascón JM, 2008.Graphene oxide dispersions in organic solvents, Langmuir, 24;10560–10564.
- Park S, An J, Piner RD, Jung I, Yang D, Velamakannı A, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RD, 2008. Aqueous suspension and characterization of chemically modified graphene sheets. Chem Mater, 20; 6592–4.
- Park S, An J, Jung, I., Piner, RD, An SJ, Li X, Velamakannı A, Ruoff RD. 2009. Colloidal suspensions of highly reduced graphene oxide in a wide variety of organic solvents. Nano Lett, 9(4);1593–7.
- Ramanathan T, Abdala AA, Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Herrera-Alonso M, Piner RD, Adamson DH, Schniepp HC, Chen X, Ruoff R. S.; Nguyen, S. T.; Aksay, I. A.; Prud’- Homme, R. K.; Brinson, L. C. 2008. Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3; 327–331.
- Schniepp HC, Li JL, McAllister MJ, Sai H, Herrera-Alonso M, Adamson DH, Prud'homme RK, Car R, Saville DA, Aksay IA, 2006. Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J Phys Chem B, 110;8535–9.
- Shah RK, 2006. Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposite by Melt Processing, Thesis Phd, The University of Texas, The Faculty of the Graduate School.
- Si Y, Samulski ET, 2008. Synthesis of water soluble graphene. Nano Lett, 8(6);1679–82.
- Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Dommett GH, Kohlhaas KM, Zimney EJ, Stach EA, Piner RD, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS, 2006. Graphene-based composite materials. Nature, 442;282–6.
- Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD, Kohlhaas KA, Kleinhammes A, Jia Y, Wu Y, Nguyen S, Ruoff RS, 2007. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon, 45;1558–65.
- Strawhecker K, Manias E, 2000, Structure and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) / Na+ Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Chemical Materials, 12; 2943-2949.
- Wang G, Yang J, Park J, Gou X, Wang B, Liu H, Yao J, 2008. 'Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Nanosheets', J. Phys. Chem. C, 112;8192–8195.
- Vadukumpully S, Paul J, Mahanta N, Valiyaveettil S, 2011. Flexible conductive graphene/poly(vinyl chloride) composite thin films with high mechanical strength and thermal stability. Carbon, 49;198.
- Villar-Rodil S, Paredes JI, Martínez-Alonso A, Tascón MD, 2009. Preparation of Graphene Dispersion and Graphene–Polymer Composites in Organic Media. J Mater Chem. 19;3591–3593.
- Yang M, Cao K, Sui L, Qi Y, Zhu J, Waas A, Arruda EM, Kieffer J, Thouless MD, Kotov NA, 2011.Dispersions of aramid nanofibers: a new nanoscale building block, ACS Nano, 5;6945–6954.
- Yang D, Velamakanni A,Bozoklu G,Park S, Stoller M,Piner RD, Stankovich S, Jung I, Field DA, Ventrice Jr CA, Ruoff RS, 2009.Chemical analysis of graphene oxide films after heat and chemical treatments by X-ray photoelectron and Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Carbon, 47;145–152.
- Zhao X, Zhang QH, Hao YP, Li YZ, Fang Y, Chen DJ, 2010. Alternate multilayer films of poly(vinyl alcohol) and exfoliated graphene oxide fabricated via a facial layer-by-layer assembly. Macromolecules, 43;9411.
- Zhu Y, Murali S, Cai W, Li X, Suk JW, Potts JR, Ruoff RS, 2010. Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, ACS Nano, 4;1227–1233.